ArticleScientific reports2015
Xanthurenic Acid Activates mGlu2/3 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors and is a Potential Trait Marker for Schizophrenia.
Article in Scientific reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 118 citations in OpenAlex.
- The tryptophan catabolite or kynurenine pathway in schizophrenia: meta-analysis reveals dissociations between central, serum, and plasma compartments.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- The kynurenine pathway in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of 101 studies.Molecular psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- The kynurenine pathway in bipolar disorder: a meta-analysis on the peripheral blood levels of tryptophan and related metabolites.Molecular psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Kynurenic Acid in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2017Pooled it
- Kynurenine metabolites unchanged after multinutrient supplementation in children with ADHD: a secondary data analysis from the MADDY study.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Trial
- Article
- Cell Signaling by Tryptophan Catabolism.Biochemistry · 2026Review
- Tryptophan metabolite atlas uncovers organ, age, and sex-specific variations.FEBS open bio · 2026Article
- Plasma Metabolites of Kynurenine Pathway and Risk of Stroke in the General Population: A Nested Case-control Study.Translational stroke research · 2025Article
- Cognitive impairment and pain in depression: The mediating role of the kynurenine pathway.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Kynu inhibition mitigates bile duct ischemic injury by rewiring tryptophan metabolism to restore tight junction integrity.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Quinoline Quest: Kynurenic Acid Strategies for Next-Generation Therapeutics via Rational Drug Design.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Select microbial metabolites in the small intestinal lumen regulate vagal activity via receptor-mediated signaling.iScience · 2025Article
- Peripheral tryptophan-kynurenine pathway dysfunction in first-episode schizophrenia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A Novel Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method to Quantify Tryptophan and Its Major Metabolites in Serum to Support Biomarker Studies in Patients with Cancer Undergoing Immunotherapy.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Anthranilic Acid-G-Protein Coupled Receptor109A-Cytosolic Phospholipase A2-Myelin-Cognition Cascade: A New Target for the Treatment/Prevention of Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia, Dementia, and Aging.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Galantamine-Memantine Combination in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease Dementia.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- The metabolic role of vitamin D in children's neurodevelopment: a network study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Changes in kynurenine metabolites in the gray and white matter of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of individuals affected by schizophrenia.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- The Kynurenine Pathway in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Blood Concentrations of Tryptophan and Its Catabolites.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
25 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism has been implicated in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. We report here that the kynurenine metabolite, xanturenic acid (XA), interacts with, and activates mGlu2 and mGlu3 metabotropic glutamate receptors in heterologous expression systems. However, the molecular nature of this interaction is unknown, and our data cannot exclude that XA acts primarily on other targets, such as the vesicular glutamate transporter, in the CNS. Systemic administration of XA in mice produced antipsychotic-like effects in the MK-801-induced model of hyperactivity. This effect required the presence of mGlu2 receptors and was abrogated by the preferential mGlu2/3 receptor antagonist, LY341495. Because the mGlu2 receptor is a potential drug target in the treatment of schizophrenia, we decided to measure serum levels of XA and other kynurenine metabolites in patients affected by schizophrenia. Serum XA levels were largely reduced in a large cohort of patients affected by schizophrenia, and, in patients with first-episode schizophrenia, levels remained low after 12 months of antipsychotic medication. As opposed to other kynurenine metabolites, XA levels were also significantly reduced in first-degree relatives of patients affected by schizophrenia. We suggest that lowered serum XA levels might represent a novel trait marker for schizophrenia.
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