ArticlePloS one2015
Elevated Biomarkers of Inflammation and Coagulation in Patients with HIV Are Associated with Higher Framingham and VACS Risk Index Scores.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serum Albumin as a Prognostic Marker for Serious Non-AIDS Endpoints in the Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Treatment (START) Study.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2018Trial
- Refining biomarker-based clustering of cardiovascular inflammatory phenotypes in HIV using Recursive Feature Addition: A comparative evaluation approach.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Validity of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein versus DAD equation for cardiovascular risk assessment in people living with HIV in Nigeria.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Predictive Model for the Detection of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in HIV Patients on Antiretroviral Treatment.Current HIV research · 2025Observational
- Article
- Plasma levels of fibrinolytic and coagulation biomarkers in HIV-infected individuals on highly active antiretroviral therapy: A case-control study in a Northern Ghanaian population.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Article
- HIV-Related Myocardial Fibrosis: Inflammatory Hypothesis and Crucial Role of Immune Cells Dysregulation.Cells · 2022Review
- Discrimination and Calibration of the Veterans Aging Cohort Study Index 2.0 for Predicting Mortality Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in North America.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- Article
- Immune Activation and Inflammation in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Challenging Targets.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Blood amyloid-β protein isoforms are affected by HIV-1 in a subtype-dependent pattern.Journal of neurovirology · 2020Article
- Associations Between Plasma Immunomodulatory and Inflammatory Mediators With VACS Index Scores Among Older HIV-Infected Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Association of intestinal and systemic inflammatory biomarkers with immune reconstitution in HIV+ patients on ART.Journal of inflammation (London, England) · 2020Article
- Hemostasis in elderly patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection-Cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2020Article
- Non-AIDS comorbidity burden differs by sex, race, and insurance type in aging adults in HIV care.AIDS (London, England) · 2019Observational
- Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratios as Prognostic Inflammatory Biomarkers in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), and HIV/HCV Coinfection.Open forum infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Albumin, white blood cell count, and body mass index improve discrimination of mortality in HIV-positive individuals.AIDS (London, England) · 2019Article
- Biomarkers of aging in HIV: inflammation and the microbiome.European geriatric medicine · 2019Review
- Inflammation Relates to Poorer Complex Motor Performance Among Adults Living With HIV on Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBiomarkers of inflammation and altered coagulation are of increasing interest as predictors of chronic disease and mortality in HIV patients, as well as the use of risk stratification scores such as the Framingham index and the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) score.
methodsDemographic and laboratory data for 252 HIV patients were assessed for their relationship with 5 biomarkers: hsCRP, D-dimer, Cystatin C, IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Analysis of variance was used to model the association between the number of elevated biomarkers patients had and their Framingham 10 year cardiovascular risk and VACS scores.
results87% of patients were male and 75.7% were virally suppressed (HIV RNA <48 copies/ml). The median and interquartile ranges for each biomarker were: hsCRP 1.65 ug/mL (0.73, 3.89), D-dimer 0.17 ug/mL (0.09, 0.31), Cystatin C 0.87 mg/L (0.78, 1.01), IL-6 2.13 pg/mL (1.3, 3.59), TNF-alpha 4.65 pg/mL (3.5, 5.97). 62.6% of patients had more than one biomarker >75th percentile, while 18.6% had three or more elevated biomarkers. Increased age, cigarette smoking, CD4 counts of <200 cells/mm3, Framingham scores and VACS scores were most strongly associated with elevations in biomarkers. When biomarkers were used to predict the Framingham and VACS scores, those with a higher number of elevated biomarkers had higher mean VACS scores, with a similar but less robust finding for Framingham scores.
conclusionsDespite viral suppression and immunological stability, biomarkers of inflammation and coagulation remain elevated in a significant number of patients with HIV and are associated with higher scores on risk stratification indices.
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