ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2015
Vitamin D Activation and Function in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells During TLR-Induced Inflammation.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Dietary supplements for dry eye disease].Die Ophthalmologie · 2025Pooled it
- Intake of 25-Hydroxyvitamin DNutrients · 2020Trial
- Intake of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Reduces Duration and Severity of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Comparison Study.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2018Trial
- Prenatal high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation has balanced effects on cord blood Th1 and Th2 responses.Nutrition journal · 2016Trial
- Association of Vitamin D Levels and Systemic Inflammation in Patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The effects of vitamin d replacement therapy on ocular surface health in children with vitamin d deficiency.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Molecular responses of human retinal pigment epithelial cells to ebolavirus VP24.Molecular vision · 2026Article
- Vitamin abnormalities in neuropathic corneal pain.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2025Review
- Vitamin D Receptor Gene Variants Associated with Serum 25(OH)DLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Keratoconus: The Local Manifestation of a Systemic Disease?Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- CCL20 expression is elevated in inflammatory bowel disease and attenuated by vitamin D metabolites.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Vitamin A, D, E, and K as Matrix Metalloproteinase-2/9 Regulators That Affect Expression and Enzymatic Activity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Review
- Effects of Topical 1,25 and 24,25 Vitamin D on Diabetic, Vitamin D Deficient and Vitamin D Receptor Knockout Mouse Corneal Wound Healing.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Novel Peptides with Dual Properties for TreatingBiomolecules · 2023Article
- Hormones and dry eye disease.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2023Review
- Vitamin D and eye: Current evidence and practice guidelines.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2023Review
- Oral Administration of Vitamin D3 Prevents Corneal Damage in a Knock-Out Mouse Model of Sjögren's Syndrome.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Dry Eye Disease: What Is the Role of Vitamin D?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Outcomes of the addition of oral administration of curcumin-phospholipid to hyaluronic acid-based tear substitute for the treatment of dry eye disease.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeVitamin D is recognized to be an important modulator of the immune system. In the eye, studies have shown that deficiencies and genetic differences in vitamin D-related genes have a significant impact on the development of various ocular diseases. Our current study examines the ability of human corneal epithelial cells (HCEC) to activate vitamin D and the effect of vitamin D treatment on antimicrobial peptide production and cytokine modulation during inflammation, with the ultimate goal of using vitamin D therapeutically for corneal inflammation.
methodsHuman corneal epithelial cells were treated with 10-7M vitamin D3 (D3) or 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25D3) for 24 hours and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) detected by immunoassay. Human cathelicidin (LL-37) expression was examined by RT-PCR, immunoblot, and immunostaining following 1,25D3 treatment and antimicrobial activity of 1,25D3-treated cells was determined. Cells were stimulated with TLR3 agonist polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly[I:C]) for 24 hours and cytokine levels measured by RT-PCR, ELISA, and Luminex. Immunostaining determined expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and retinoic acid inducible gene-1 receptor (RIG-1) as well as NF-κB nuclear translocation.
resultsWhen treated with inactive vitamin D metabolites, HCEC produced active 1,25D3, leading to enhanced expression of the antimicrobial peptide, LL-37, dependent on VDR. 1,25-D3 decreased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and CCL20) and MMP-9 induced by Poly(I:C) as well as pattern recognition receptor expression (TLR3, RIG-1, MDA5). However, early activation of NF-κB was not affected.
conclusionsThese studies demonstrate the protective ability of vitamin D to attenuate proinflammatory mediators while increasing antimicrobial peptides and antipseudomonas activity in corneal cells, and further our knowledge on the immunomodulatory functions of the hormone.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.