ArticlePLoS pathogens2015
Early Loss of Splenic Tfh Cells in SIV-Infected Rhesus Macaques.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Hitchhiker Guide to CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Phenotypic analysis of productively SIV-infected cells in blood and lymphoid tissues of rhesus macaques.Cell reports · 2026Article
- SIV-specific neutralizing antibody induction following selection of a PI3K drive-attenuatedeLife · 2025Article
- Immune Alterations and Viral Reservoir Atlas in SIV-Infected Chinese Rhesus Macaques.Infectious disease reports · 2025Review
- Lymphocyte loss and plasmacytosis are associated with IL-6- and TNF-producing cells in the spleens of fatal COVID-19 cases.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- ATF4 Signaling in HIV-1 Infection: Viral Subversion of a Stress Response Transcription Factor.Biology · 2024Review
- Vpr attenuates antiviral immune responses and is critical for full pathogenicity of SIViScience · 2023Article
- Low quantity and quality of anti-spike humoral response is linked to CD4 T-cell apoptosis in COVID-19 patients.Cell death & disease · 2022Article
- Impact of Early ARV Initiation on Relative Proportions of Effector and Regulatory CD8 T Cell in Mesenteric Lymph Nodes and Peripheral Blood During Acute SIV Infection of Rhesus Macaques.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Persistence in the Spleen: Opportunities for Pharmacologic Intervention.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2021Article
- Interleukin-21 in Viral Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Rapid progression is associated with lymphoid follicle dysfunction in SIV-infected infant rhesus macaques.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Non-human primates andCytokine: X · 2020Article
- Antiretroviral Penetration and Drug Transporter Concentrations in the Spleens of Three Preclinical Animal Models and Humans.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2020Article
- Despite early antiretroviral therapy effector memory and follicular helper CD4 T cells are major reservoirs in visceral lymphoid tissues of SIV-infected macaques.Mucosal immunology · 2020Article
- Overexpression of T-bet in HIV infection is associated with accumulation of B cells outside germinal centers and poor affinity maturation.Science translational medicine · 2019Article
- Differential Dynamics of Regulatory T-Cell and Th17 Cell Balance in Mesenteric Lymph Nodes and Blood following Early Antiretroviral Initiation during Acute Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Mucosal T follicular helper cells in SIV-infected rhesus macaques: contributing role of IL-27.Mucosal immunology · 2019Article
- Early T Follicular Helper Cell Responses and Germinal Center Reactions Are Associated with Viremia Control in Immunized Rhesus Macaques.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Follicular T helper cells (Tfh), a subset of CD4 T lymphocytes, provide crucial help to B cells in the production of antigen-specific antibodies. Although several studies have analyzed the dynamics of Tfh cells in peripheral blood and lymph nodes (LNs) during Aids, none has yet addressed the impact of SIV infection on the dynamics of Tfh cells in the spleen, the primary organ of B cell activation. We show here a significant decrease in splenic Tfh cells in SIVmac251-infected rhesus macaques (RMs) during the acute phase of infection, which persists thereafter. This profound loss is associated with lack of sustained expression of the Tfh-defining transcription factors, Bcl-6 and c-Maf but with higher expression of the repressors KLF2 and Foxo1. In this context of Tfh abortive differentiation and loss, we found decreased percentages of memory B cell subsets and lower titers of SIV-specific IgG. We further demonstrate a drastic remodeling of the lymphoid architecture of the spleen and LNs, which disrupts the crucial cell-cell interactions necessary to maintain memory B cells and Tfh cells. Finally, our data demonstrated the early infection of Tfh cells. Paradoxically, the frequencies of SIV DNA were higher in splenic Tfh cells of RMs progressing more slowly suggesting sanctuaries for SIV in the spleen. Our findings provide important information regarding the impact of HIV/SIV infection on Tfh cells, and provide new clues for future vaccine strategies.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.