SynthesisJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2016
A Meta-Analysis of Alzheimer's Disease Incidence and Prevalence Comparing African-Americans and Caucasians.
Synthesis in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 158 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
158 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 225 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trends in the Prevalence and Development of Alzheimer's Disease Among the Elderly Chinese Population: A Systematic Review.Revista de neurologia · 2025Pooled it
- Extended genome-wide association study employing the African genome resources panel identifies novel susceptibility loci for Alzheimer's disease in individuals of African ancestry.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Pooled it
- Migration and dementia: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies in Europe.Psychological medicine · 2021Pooled it
- A Common DIO2 Polymorphism and Alzheimer Disease Dementia in African and European Americans.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2018Pooled it
- Implementation and evaluation of a community-based mindful walking randomized controlled trial to sustain cognitive health in older African Americans at risk for dementia.BMC geriatrics · 2024Trial
- Race modifies the relationship between cognition and Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers.Alzheimer's research & therapy · 2017Trial
- In Vivo Imaging of Venous Side Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease in Older Adults: An MRI Method at 7T.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2017Trial
- Association Between Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Alzheimer Disease Neuropathology.Neurology · 2026Article
- The role of polygenic risk in Alzheimer's disease prediction for African Americans.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Observational
- Predictors of cognitive resilience in the old-old: An observational study using real-world electronic health record data.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Observational
- Diabetes and Hypertension at Midlife Predict Increases in Biomarkers of Dementia Among Black Americans.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Genetic correlation analysis of Alzheimer's disease and stroke implicates PHLPP1 as a shared locus in individuals of African ancestry.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Bridging the Gap in Racial/Ethnic Disparities: Perspectives from the 2025 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology High Blood Pressure Guideline.Current hypertension reports · 2026Review
- Evidence for reduced somatic T-cell receptor sequence diversity profiles among Midwestern Amish in an aging cohort study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Alzheimer Disease Imaging Biomarkers in a Diverse, Community-Based Cohort.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Dementia and cognitive decline in Black Brazilians: a narrative review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Review
- Pathway analysis of cognitive resilience factors and cognitive function in the Long Life Family Study (LLFS).Neuropsychology · 2026Observational
- CSF estrogens' relationships to neuroinflammatory markers and brain networks in middle-aged and older black and white women.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Local genetic correlation analysis of Alzheimer's disease and stroke implicatesmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Association Between Structural and Social Determinants of Health and Cognitive Functioning Among African Americans: the ARCHES Cohort.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
98 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSeveral studies have shown higher Alzheimer's disease (AD) incidence rates are in African-Americans (AAs) than Caucasians (CCs). If this finding is consistent across studies, it raises important etiologic questions regarding factors responsible for this discrepancy. It also affects the likely public health burden of AD in the US in the future, as the non-Caucasian population becomes the majority.
objectiveEstimate the AA/CC rate ratio for AD incidence across all available studies.
methodsWe conducted a meta-analysis of population-based studies for the rate ratio (RR) of AD incidence for AAs versus CCs, after identifying six relevant studies from the literature. We calculated an AA/CC rate ratio across all studies using inverse-variance weighting, and assessed inter-study heterogeneity. Using these incidence data, as well as data on survival after diagnosis, and on all-cause mortality, we also estimated the US prevalence of AD among AAs and CCs.
resultsThere were six population-based studies with data comparing AD incidence between AAs and CCs, with an estimated 370 AA and 640 CC incident cases. The meta-analysis RR showed that the AD rate for AAs was 64% higher than for CCs (RR = 1.64 (95% CI 1.35-2.00)) 1.35-2.00)), with no evidence of heterogeneity. We estimated the current US AD prevalence for ages 65-90 to be 5.5% for CCs, and 8.6% for AAs (prevalence ratio 1.56).
conclusionAAs have an increased risk of incident and prevalent AD compared to CCs for reasons which are unknown, but are hypothesized to reflect biological, psychological, and socioeconomic factors.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.