ReviewNature reviews. Microbiology2016
Pore-forming toxins: ancient, but never really out of fashion.
Review in Nature reviews. Microbiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 389 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
389 citing papers in PubMed, 801 citations in OpenAlex.
- NheABC is a pH-dependent cytotoxin that targets mitochondria and contributes to the virulence of Bacillus cereus in wound infections.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
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- Cryo-EM structure of detergent-boundbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Acidic and alkaline conditions enhance Staphylococcus aureus α-toxin pore formation and cytotoxicity.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- ABPs: diffusible antibacterial toxins secreted by and active against diverse gram-positive bacteria.Infection and immunity · 2026Review
- Caveolin 1 is a conserved host factor mediating Bacillus cereus hemolysin BL toxin cytolytic toxicity.PLoS biology · 2026Article
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- Membrane-Associated Biomolecules for Synthetic Cell Signalling.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2026Review
- BAM-BepA complexes in outer membrane protein quality control.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Membrane Protein Insertion in Cells: Principles, Pathways, and Quality Control.Chemical reviews · 2026Review
- Monitoring Membrane Protein Folding Assisted by Insertases and Translocases Using AFM-Based Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy.Chemical reviews · 2026Review
- Salt bridge disruption in colicin Ib channel-forming domain enhances membrane translocation and bactericidal activity.Journal of structural biology: X · 2026Article
- Sensing the spectrum: diverse stimuli for the NLRP3 inflammasome.Communications biology · 2026Review
- A pore-forming toxin initiates ABI1 complex switching to promote bacterial cell-to-cell spread.Nature communications · 2026Article
- An in vivo fitness gene of Toxoplasma, MIC11, is essential for PLP1-mediated egress from host cells.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Bacterial pore-forming toxins: mechanisms and implications for host immunity.Bioscience reports · 2026Review
- Tke5 is a Pseudomonas putida toxin that kills plant pathogens by depolarising membranes.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Stepwise assembly of α-hemolysin from intermediates to the mature pore in native erythrocytes.The Journal of cell biology · 2026Article
- The Genetic Architecture of Venom Resistance: A Novel Approach to Target Identification and Coevolutionary Discovery.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Identification and structural characterization of anthrax toxin receptor 2 as the Clostridium perfringens NetF receptor.Nature communications · 2026Article
329 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) are virulence factors produced by many pathogenic bacteria and have long fascinated structural biologists, microbiologists and immunologists. Interestingly, pore-forming proteins with remarkably similar structures to PFTs are found in vertebrates and constitute part of their immune system. Recently, structural studies of several PFTs have provided important mechanistic insights into the metamorphosis of PFTs from soluble inactive monomers to cytolytic transmembrane assemblies. In this Review, we discuss the diverse pore architectures and membrane insertion mechanisms that have been revealed by these studies, and we consider how these features contribute to binding specificity for different membrane targets. Finally, we explore the potential of these structural insights to enable the development of novel therapeutic strategies that would prevent both the establishment of bacterial resistance and an excessive immune response.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.