ArticleCytokine2016
Association between high expression macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) alleles and West Nile virus encephalitis.
Article in Cytokine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification of genetic variants associated with dengue or West Nile virus disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Pooled it
- Leukocyte recruitment in flavivirus-induced encephalitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Japanese encephalitis virus NS1 and NS1' protein disrupts the blood-brain barrier through macrophage migration inhibitory factor-mediated autophagy.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Interleukins, Chemokines, and Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily Ligands in the Pathogenesis of West Nile Virus Infection.Viruses · 2023Review
- The multifaceted roles of NLRP3-modulating proteins in virus infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor in Nodding syndrome.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- In-Depth Analysis of Genetic Variation Associated with Severe West Nile Viral Disease.Vaccines · 2020Article
- The immunobiology of MIF: function, genetics and prospects for precision medicine.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2019Review
- MIF and D-DT are potential disease severity modifiers in male MS subjects.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2017Article
- Age-related alterations in immune responses to West Nile virus infection.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Infection with mosquito-borne West Nile virus (WNV) is usually asymptomatic but can lead to severe WNV encephalitis. The innate cytokine, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), is elevated in patients with WNV encephalitis and promotes viral neuroinvasion and mortality in animal models. In a case-control study, we examined functional polymorphisms in the MIF locus in a cohort of 454 North American patients with neuroinvasive WNV disease and found patients homozygous for high-expression MIF alleles to be >20-fold (p=0.008) more likely to have WNV encephalitis. These data indicate that MIF is an important determinant of severity of WNV neuropathogenesis and may be a therapeutic target.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.