ReviewVirchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology2016
Solitary, multiple, benign, atypical, or malignant: the "Granular Cell Tumor" puzzle.
Review in Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intramuscular granular cell tumor of the forearm: a rare case and diagnostic challenge.Skeletal radiology · 2026Article
- Granular Cell Dermatofibroma Demonstrates Loss-of-Function Mutations in V-ATPase Component Genes.Journal of cutaneous pathology · 2026Article
- Clinicopathological Features and Postoperative Complication Management of a Postauricular Granular Cell Tumor: A Case Report.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- A rare case of granular cell tumor in axillary cavity: an unusual occurrence.Journal of surgical case reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Commentary: Case Report: Giant atypical granular cell tumor of the median nerve.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Sacral Extradural Granular Cell Tumor: A Case Report With Electron Microscopy Findings.Cureus · 2026Article
- Hybrid granular cell tumor/perineurioma: a report of two rare cases with PIK3CA mutations.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Imaging Features and Clinical Characteristics of Granular Cell Tumors: A Single-Center Investigation.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Pediatric Granular Cell Tumor of the Digital Nerve: A Case Report and Literature Review.Eplasty · 2025Article
- Pediatric Subligamentous Cordectomy: Successful Voice Outcome Following Laryngeal Granular Cell Tumor Resection.Case reports in otolaryngology · 2025Article
- Giant Granular Cell Tumor of the Left Thigh, a Rare Case Report and Literature Review.Orthopedic research and reviews · 2025Article
- A Rare Case of Granular Cell Tumor of the Anus.Clinical case reports · 2024Article
- Oral granular cell tumor: a collaborative clinicopathological study of 61 cases.Oral and maxillofacial surgery · 2024Article
- Gastric granular cell tumor: A case report and literature review.Oncology letters · 2024Article
- Malignant granular cell tumor of chest wall: a case report.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Incidental multifocal granular cell tumor in the setting of chronic gastritis discovered following gastric sleeve operation: a case report and brief review of the literature.Journal of surgical case reports · 2024Article
- Incidental granular cell tumor at the ileocecal junction mimicking a lymph node metastasis in a patient with history of neuroendocrine tumor of the right colon.International journal of clinical and experimental pathology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The clinical evolution and biology of granular cell tumors (GCT) are poorly understood and treatment remains an issue of discussion. The majority of GCT are benign, although some display malignant behavior. The distinction between benign, atypical, and malignant GCT is controversial due to morphological and immunohistochemical overlap and lack of consistent histological and phenotypic criteria that predict behavior. Although histological criteria may indicate increased risk of malignant evolution, some GCT with evident benign appearance exceptionally progress towards metastatic disease. In this review, we discuss current knowledge on GCT, including histologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular characteristics and differential diagnosis. We focus on the following problematic items in GCT: (1) evolution of classification, (2) neural versus non-neural GCT, (3) neoplastic versus reactive disease, (4) malignant transformation of benign GCT, and (5) multiple versus metastatic GCT. We conclude that although a Ki-67 index >10 % and the presence of mitoses and/or of necrosis are frequently associated with malignant behavior, metastasis remains the only unequivocal sign of malignancy in GCT. An infiltrative growth pattern and vascular and/or perineural invasion are not indicative of malignancy. GCT with atypical/uncertain features almost never metastasize, and many of these tumors either behave in a benign fashion or only recur locally (similar to incompletely excised benign tumors). We therefore propose that classical and atypical histological variants form a single group of GCT. GCT with various unfavorable histological features might be labeled as "GCT with increased risk of metastasis" rather than malignant GCT.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.