Observational studyAIDS (London, England)2016
Factors associated with initiation of antiretroviral therapy among HIV-positive people who use injection drugs in a Canadian setting.
Observational study in AIDS (London, England), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- A community approach to promote healthcare services for people living with HIV who use drugs in Vietnam.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2022Trial
- A scalable, integrated intervention to engage people who inject drugs in HIV care and medication-assisted treatment (HPTN 074): a randomised, controlled phase 3 feasibility and efficacy study.Lancet (London, England) · 2018Trial
- The Association Between HIV and Substance Use Stigma and Attitudes and Utilization of HIV Care Among Adults Who Use Injection Drugs: A Systematic Review.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Understanding healthcare engagement for people who inject drugs.Research in nursing & health · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of an Intervention to Improve HIV Service Delivery for People Who Inject Drugs in Kazakhstan: A Cluster Trial.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- HIV and Incarceration: Implications for HIV-Positive People Who Use Illicit Drugs During a Seek, Test, Treat, and Retain Initiative in Canada.Journal of correctional health care : the official journal of the National Commission on Correctional Health Care · 2022Article
- Simplified clinical algorithm for immediate antiretroviral therapy initiation: The HATI [HIV awal (early) Test & Treat in Indonesia] implementation research in Indonesia.The Indian journal of medical research · 2022Review
- Factors Associated With Late Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation Among People Living With HIV in Southern Iran: A Historical Cohort Study.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Different Trends of Distinct Time Points of AIDS Events Following HIV Diagnosis in Various At-risk Populations: A Retrospective Nationwide Cohort Study in Taiwan.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2021Article
- Survival Time and Associated Factors Among Adults Living with HIV After Initiation of HAART in South Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia: A Retrospective Cohort.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2021Article
- Time to Treatment Initiation and Retrospective Analysis of Antiretroviral Therapy Outcomes among HIV-positive Methadone Maintenance Therapy Clients in Primary Health-care Centers, Kuantan, Pahang.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2020Article
- Article
- Designing an Individually Tailored Multilevel Intervention to Increase Engagement in HIV and Substance Use Treatment Among People Who Inject Drugs With HIV: HPTN 074.AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education · 2019Article
- Socio-economic status and time trends associated with early ART initiation following primary HIV infection in Montreal, Canada: 1996 to 2015.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2018Article
- Social-demographic shift in drug users at the first-ever- methadone maintenance treatment in Wuhan, China.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Reducing rates of preventable HIV/AIDS-associated mortality among people living with HIV who inject drugs.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo identify behavioral, social, and structural factors associated with time from HIV seroconversion to antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation among people who use injection drugs (PWID).
designTwo complementary prospective cohorts of PWID linked to comprehensive ART dispensation records in a setting of universal no-cost HIV/AIDS treatment and care.
methodsMultivariable extended Cox models of time to ART initiation among baseline HIV-seronegative PWID who seroconverted after recruitment adjusted with a time-updated measure of clinical eligibility for ART.
resultsWe included 133 individuals of whom 98 (74%) initiated ART during follow-up at a rate of 12.4 per 100 person-years. In a multivariable model adjusted for ART eligibility, methadone maintenance therapy [adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 2.37, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.56-3.60] and a more recent calendar year of observation (AHR = 1.06, 95% CI: 1.00-1.12) were associated with more rapid ART initiation, whereas informal income generation (AHR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.32-0.79) and incarceration (AHR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.28-0.97) were negatively associated with ART initiation.
conclusionIn this sample of community-recruited HIV-positive PWID with well defined dates of HIV seroconversion, we found that two measures related to the criminalization of illicit drug use each independently delayed ART initiation regardless of clinical eligibility. Engagement in methadone promoted ART initiation. Programs to scale-up HIV treatment among PWID should consider decreased criminalization of PWID and increased access to opioid substitution therapy to optimize the impact of ART on HIV/AIDS-associated morbidity, mortality, and HIV transmission.
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