ReviewCell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)2016
Inhibitory leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors: Immune checkpoint proteins and tumor sustaining factors.
Review in Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 117 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
117 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 202 citations in OpenAlex.
- BioBERT-powered synergy: advanced bibliometric and molecular insights into prostate cancer bone metastasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Dual Blockade of LILRB1 and LILRB2 Enhances Antiviral Immune Responses in SIV Infection.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Claudins interact with LILRB immune inhibitory receptors to promote myeloid immunosuppression in cancer.Science immunology · 2026Article
- Unlocking the promise of innate biology through the HLA-G/ILT2/ILT4 pathway.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Review
- Tumor-Associated Macrophages as Therapeutic Targets: Deciphering Interaction Networks and Advancing Clinical Translation.MedComm · 2026Review
- Human leukocyte antigen-G in solid tumors: from immunotolerance to immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- CRISPR/Cas9 Technology for Modifying Immune Checkpoint in CAR-T Cell Therapy for Hematopoietic Malignancies.Current gene therapy · 2026Review
- Interferon-mediated NK cell activation increases cytolytic activity against T follicular helper cells and limits antibody response to SARS-CoV-2.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- CAR-T cell therapy for cancer: current challenges and future directions.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Epitranscriptomics Regulation of CD70, CD80, and TIGIT in Cancer Immunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Eph Receptors Activate Myeloid Checkpoint Receptor LILRB5 to Support Tumor Development.Cancer immunology research · 2025Article
- Multiple-omics analysis reveals a dedifferentiation-immune loop in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
- Colony-stimulating factor 3 and its receptor promote leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B2 expression and ligands in gastric cancer.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
- Candidate genes related to spiritual mediumship: a whole-exome sequencing analysis of highly gifted mediums.Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999) · 2025Article
- Article
- Carrier-Free Peptide-Daunorubicin-Small Interfering RNA Nanoassembly for Targeted Therapy of Acute Myeloid Leukemia.Cyborg and bionic systems (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Human leukocyte antigen-G isoform HLA-G2/6, but not HLA-G1/4/5, is an independent indicator of poor survival in patients with colorectal cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Inhibitory leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors, subfamily B (LILRBs) in human diseases: structure, roles, mechanisms, and clinical applications.Theranostics · 2025Review
- Therapeutic targeting of tumour-associated macrophage receptors.Immunotherapy advances · 2025Review
57 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Inhibitory leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILRBs 1-5) transduce signals via intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) that recruit protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 6 (PTPN6 or SHP-1), protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11 or SHP-2), or Src homology 2 domain-containing inositol phosphatase (SHIP), leading to negative regulation of immune cell activation. Certain of these receptors also play regulatory roles in neuronal activity and osteoclast development. The activation of LILRBs on immune cells by their ligands may contribute to immune evasion by tumors. Recent studies found that several members of LILRB family are expressed by tumor cells, notably hematopoietic cancer cells, and may directly regulate cancer development and relapse as well as the activity of cancer stem cells. LILRBs thus have dual concordant roles in tumor biology - as immune checkpoint molecules and as tumor-sustaining factors. Importantly, the study of knockout mice indicated that LILRBs do not affect hematopoiesis and normal development. Therefore LILRBs may represent ideal targets for tumor treatment. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on expression patterns, ligands, signaling, and functions of LILRB family members in the context of cancer development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.