ReviewFrontiers in microbiology2015
The Role of Ciliate Protozoa in the Rumen.
Review in Frontiers in microbiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 249 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
249 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Influence of saponin extracts on enteric methane emission and rumen fermentation: a meta-analysis of in vitro experiments.BMC veterinary research · 2026Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of flavonoids use into beef and dairy cattle diet: Performance, antioxidant status, ruminal fermentation, meat quality, and milk composition.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Pooled it
- The use of essential oils as a growth promoter for small ruminants: a systematic review and meta-analysis.F1000Research · 2020Pooled it
- Dietary fiber concentration modulates the efficacy of phytogenic and antimicrobial rumen modifiers on ruminal fermentation and methane emissions in cattle.Veterinary and animal science · 2026Article
- Gut protist diversity in Eurasian beavers (International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2026Article
- Beyond the Rumen: Current Evidence and Knowledge Gaps in Microbial Diversity and Function Across the Bovine Gastrointestinal Tract.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- Methane emissions in beef cattle: A review of measurements and mitigation strategies.Veterinary and animal science · 2026Review
- Encapsulation of essential oils from tropical plants as a strategy to mitigate methane emissions and improve nutritional status of ruminants: A review.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2026Review
- Effects of Partial Cow-Calf Contact and Social Companions on Health, Performance, and Behavior of Calves.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Microbial and Metabolic Dysbiosis in Ruminal Acidosis: Mechanisms, Host Responses, and Microbiota-Targeted Mitigation Strategies.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Subacute ruminal acidosis in high-producing dairy cows: an integrated diet-microbiota-epithelium-host framework for diagnosis and nutritional management.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2026Review
- Article
- Ruminal bacterial and protozoal features associated with milk yield in Chinese Holstein cows.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Thymol on Growth Performance, Blood Biochemistry, Rumen Fermentation Parameters, and Rumen Microbiota in Texel-Hazak Ewes.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Variations in methane emissions from dairy cows: associations with rumen microbial synergy and metabolic pathway divergence.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Effects of Colostrum Source, Dose and Processing onAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Lineage-Specific Diversification of Nucleoporin Nup98 Genes in Ciliates and Its Evolutionary Implications for the Nuclear Dualism.Journal of molecular evolution · 2026Article
- Yeast culture promotes butyrate produced fibrolytic bacteria as intracellular hydrogen sink in the rumen.Microbiome · 2026Article
- Article
- Central 43 RFamide peptide (QRFP43) administration modulates microbial activity and fatty acid biohydrogenation in the ovine digestive tract.Scientific reports · 2026Article
189 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
First described in 1843, Rumen protozoa with their striking appearance were assumed to be important for the welfare of their host. However, despite contributing up to 50% of the bio-mass in the rumen, the role of protozoa in rumen microbial ecosystem remains unclear. Phylogenetic analysis of 18S rDNA libraries generated from the rumen of cattle, sheep, and goats has revealed an unexpected diversity of ciliated protozoa although variation in gene copy number between species makes it difficult to obtain absolute quantification. Despite repeated attempts it has proven impossible to maintain rumen protozoa in axenic culture. Thus it has been difficult to establish conclusively a role of ciliate protozoa in rumen fiber degradation. The development of techniques to clone and express ciliate genes in λ phage, together with bioinformatic indices to confirm the ciliate origin of the genes has allowed the isolation and characterization of fibrolytic genes from rumen protozoa. Elimination of the ciliate protozoa increases microbial protein supply by up to 30% and reduces methane production by up to 11%. Our recent findings suggest that holotrich protozoa play a disproportionate role in supporting methanogenesis whilst the small Entodinium are responsible for much of the bacterial protein turnover. As yet no method to control protozoa in the rumen that is safe and practically applicable has been developed, however a range of plant extract capable of controlling if not completely eliminating rumen protozoa have been described.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.