ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2015
Searching for the definition of macrosomia through an outcome-based approach in low- and middle-income countries: a secondary analysis of the WHO Global Survey in Africa, Asia and Latin America.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of fetal macrosomia and associated factors among delivered neonates in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Pooled it
- Association between prenatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure and preterm birth: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2025Pooled it
- Birth Weight and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Cardiovascular Disease, and Hypertension in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of 7 646 267 Participants From 135 Studies.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2018Pooled it
- Birth Weight, Adult Fat Distribution, and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Risk: Sex-Specific Study in a Large Prospective Cohort.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2026Article
- Association between inflammatory indicators derived from preconception complete blood count and specific adverse fetal, neonatal, and pregnancy outcomes: a national cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Neonatal mortality risk of large-for-gestational-age and macrosomic live births in 15 countries, including 115.6 million nationwide linked records, 2000-2020.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of Vaginal Pessary Use in Improving Quality of Life Among Women with Pelvic Organ Prolapse: A Prospective Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Maternal iron deficiency assessed by serum ferritin and birth outcomes in mainland China.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Factors associated with Macrosomia in public hospitals of Mekelle City, Northern Ethiopia: A multi-center study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Article
- Deciphering the Role of CD36 in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Linking Fatty Acid Metabolism and Inflammation in Disease Pathogenesis.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- Observational
- Determinants of macrosomia among newborns delivered in northwest Ethiopia: a case-control study.The Journal of international medical research · 2022Article
- Risk factors for obesity and overweight in Chinese children: a nationwide survey.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2022Article
- Article
- Determinants of fetal macrosomia among live births in southern Ethiopia: a matched case-control study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- Relationships Between Placental Lipid Activated/Transport-Related Factors and Macrosomia in Healthy Pregnancy.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2022Article
- Binge alcohol drinking before pregnancy is closely associated with the development of macrosomia: Korean pregnancy registry cohort.PloS one · 2022Article
- Prenatal air pollution exposure increases the risk of macrosomia: evidence from a prospective cohort study in the coastal area of China.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Association between parental and offspring BMI: results from EPACI Portugal 2012.Public health nutrition · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 7 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNo consensus definition of macrosomia currently exists among researchers and obstetricians. We aimed to identify a definition of macrosomia that is more predictive of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity in low- and middle-income countries.
methodsWe conducted a secondary data analysis using WHO Global Survey on Maternal and Perinatal Health data on Africa and Latin America from 2004 to 2005 and Asia from 2007 to 2008. We compared adverse outcomes, which were assessed by the composite maternal mortality and morbidity index (MMMI) and perinatal mortality and morbidity index (PMMI) in subgroups with birthweight (3000-3499 g [reference group], 3500-3999 g, 4000-4099 g, 4100-4199 g, 4200-4299 g, 4300-4399 g, 4400-4499 g, 4500-4999 g) or country-specific birthweight percentile for gestational age (50(th)-74(th) percentile [reference group], 75(th)-89(th), 90(th)-94(th), 95(th)-96(th), and ≥97(th) percentile). Two-level logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios of MMMI and PMMI.
resultsA total of 246,659 singleton term births from 363 facilities in 23 low- and middle-income countries were included. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for intrapartum caesarean sections exceeded 2.0 when birthweight was greater than 4000 g (2·00 [95% CI: 1·68, 2·39], 2·42 [95% CI: 2·02, 2·89], 2·01 [95% CI: 1·74, 2·33] in Africa, Asia and Latin America, respectively). aORs of MMMI reached 2.0 when birthweight was greater than 4000 g, 4500 g in Asia and Africa, respectively. aORs of PMMI approached to 2.0 (1·78 [95% CI: 1·16, 2·74]) when birthweight was greater than 4500 g in Latin America. When birthweight was at the 90(th) percentile or higher, aORs of MMMI and PMMI increased, but none exceeded 2.0.
conclusionsThe population-specific definition of macrosomia using birthweight cut-off points irrespective of gestational age (4500 g in Africa and Latin America, 4000 g in Asia) is more predictive of maternal and perinatal adverse outcomes, and simpler to apply compared to the definition based on birthweight percentile for a given gestational age.
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