ArticleEye (London, England)2016
Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis in childhood: corneal involvement and visual outcome.
Article in Eye (London, England), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Topical treatments for blepharokeratoconjunctivitis in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Comparison of Meibomian Gland Loss Between Pediatric Patients with Blepharo-Keratoconjunctivitis and Age-Matched Controls Using Non-Contact Meibography.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- In Vivo Confocal Microscopy Revealed Alteration of Limbal Stem Cells and Sub-Basal Nerve Plexus in Allergic and Dry Eye-Related Ocular Surface Diseases.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Efficacy and safety of cyclosporine 1% eye drops for the treatment of pediatric blepharokeratoconjunctivitis.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Advances in the Medical Management of Pediatric Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- Pediatric blepharokeratoconjunctivitis: findings and outcomes in Hispanic vs. Non-Hispanic patients.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Ocular Rosacea: An Updated Review.Cornea · 2025Review
- Clinical manifestation and management of severe blepharokeratoconjunctivitis combined with corneal perforation.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- The visual impact of higher-order aberrations in patients with pediatric blepharokeratoconjunctivitis.International ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Definition and Diagnostic Criteria for Pediatric Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis.JAMA ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Proteomic Analysis of Meibomian Gland Secretions in Patients With Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis.Translational vision science & technology · 2022Article
- Safety and Feasibility of Low Fluence Intense Pulsed Light for Treating Pediatric Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Blepharitis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Topical Steroids and Antibiotics for Adult Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis (BKC): A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.Journal of ophthalmology · 2021Review
- Evaluation of the ocular surface characteristics and Demodex infestation in paediatric and adult blepharokeratoconjunctivitis.BMC ophthalmology · 2019Article
- Simultaneous Subconjunctival Triamcinolone and Bevacizumab Injections for Management of Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis in Children.Case reports in ophthalmological medicine · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe main objective of this study is to describe the prevalence, degree and risk of corneal involvement, and visual impact in a pediatric population with blepharokeratoconjunctivitis (BKC).
methodsRetrospective, observational, case-control study. Clinical records of patients ≤16 years old with BKC seen between 2006 and 2012 were reviewed. The prevalence and relative risk of corneal involvement was evaluated between patients with and without corneal affection through a univariate and multivariate analysis with logistic regression. Visual acuity at presentation and at last follow-up visit was also analyzed.
resultsOne hundred and fourteen children with BKC, with a male-to-female ratio of 1 : 1 and a mean age at diagnosis of 9.13 years. The mean follow-up time was 26.4 (±25) months. Corneal involvement was present in 39.5% of patients, varying from superficial punctate keratitis to perforation. Corneal changes were not seen in children under 4 years old. The risk of corneal affection was greater in patients with photophobia, hordeolum, female gender and asymmetric disease (OR of 2.69, 11.6, 2.35 and 2.77, respectively). The mean best-corrected visual acuity at presentation was 0.20 (corneal affected group), compared to 0.11 (unaffected group; P=0.02).
conclusionsOur study showed an older age at time of diagnosis and a worse visual outcome in patients with BKC and corneal disease compared with previous reports. Early diagnosis and detection of risk factors for corneal involvement, as well as adequate treatment, is mandatory to prevent serious long-term visual repercussions in children with BKC.
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