ArticleBMC geriatrics2015
Frailty still matters to health and survival in centenarians: the case of China.
Article in BMC geriatrics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 76 citations in OpenAlex.
- Resistance Exercise Intervention Restores Functional Capacity and Improves Frailty Biomarkers in Centenarians.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Trial
- Socioeconomic Status, Frailty, and All-Cause Mortality in Korean Older Adults: A 3-Year Population-Based Prospective Study.BioMed research international · 2017Trial
- Frailty Among the Older Adults in Bangladesh: A Comparative Analysis of Rural and Urban Populations.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Can environmental signals influence dietary Behaviours?The impact of governmental green development attention on dietary diversity among older adults.SSM - population health · 2026Article
- Living arrangements, household registration status and depression among older adults in mainland China.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Health status characteristics and aging determinants of centenarians in Colombia: a real-life expanded cohort profile description.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- How dietary habits and behaviors safeguard daily living activities among the elderly - novel insights from a decade-long longitudinal study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Depressive symptoms and functional dependence in near-centenarians and centenarians: a scoping review.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Hainan Longevity Model, Senile Degeneration, Cognitive Disability and Healthy Longevity.Aging medicine (Milton (N.S.W)) · 2026Review
- Swedish centenarian health - a nationwide, observational study on care utilization, drug use, morbidity, and mortality among Swedish centenarians in 1990 to 2022.BMC geriatrics · 2025Observational
- Associations between housing type and home conditions with exercise and physical activity among older adults.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Machine learning prediction of survival in centenarians after age 100: a retrospective, population-based cohort study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025Article
- Social isolation in relation to the incidence and dynamic progression of frailty in the oldest old: a trajectory analysis of a nationwide cohort.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Frailty and Mortality Risk Among Dogs with Extreme Longevity: Development and Predictive Validity of a Clinical Frailty Index in the Exceptional Aging in Rottweilers Study.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Relationship between changes in late-life blood pressure and the risk of frailty and mortality among older population in China: a cohort study based on CLHLS.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2024Article
- Factors Associated with Frailty in Older Adults in Community and Nursing Home Settings: A Systematic Review with a Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Frailty and Survivability of Polish Caucasian Nonagenarians and Centenarians.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of frailty among community dweller older adults living in Gondar town, northwest, Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Association between housework and the risk of dementia among older Chinese adults: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Associations between Frailty and Ambient Temperature in Winter: Findings from a Population-Based Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFrailty indicates accumulated vulnerability of adverse health outcomes in later life. Its robustness in predicting dependent living, falls, comorbidity, disability, health change, mortality, and health care utilization at older ages is well-documented. However, almost no studies have ever attempted to examine its robustness in centenarians, mainly due to data unavailability. This study examines prevalence of frailty in centenarians and its predictive powers on subsequent mortality and health conditions.
methodsWe use a sample of 4434 centenarians from the 2002, 2005, 2008, and 2011 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), with elders in three younger age groups 65-79, 80-89, and 90-99 as comparisons. Frailty is measured by a cumulative deficit index (DI) that is constructed from 39 variables covering physical and cognitive function, disease conditions, psychological well-being, and other health dimensions. Survival analysis is conducted to examine how frailty is associated with subsequent mortality at an average follow-up length of 3.7 years (2.6 years for deceased persons died in 2002-2011 and 7.6 years for survived persons at the 2011 wave). Logistic regressions are applied to examine how frailty is associated with subsequent physical and cognitive functions, disease conditions, and self-rated health with an average follow-up length of 3.0 years.
resultsThe study reveals that centenarians are frailer than younger elders. The DI scores increase from less than 0.1 at ages 65-79 to over 0.30 in centenarians. Women are frailer than men at all ages. However, there is a great variation in frailty among all age groups. We also find that each additional increase of 0.01 score of the DI is associated with 1.6 % higher mortality risk (95 % CI: 1.014-1.018) in female centenarians and 1.4 % higher mortality risk (95 % CI: 1.010-1.018) in male centenarians, although these associations are weaker than those in other three younger age groups.
conclusionsFrailty still plays an important role in determining subsequent health outcomes and mortality in centenarians.
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