ArticlePloS one2015
Calcium Electroporation: Evidence for Differential Effects in Normal and Malignant Cell Lines, Evaluated in a 3D Spheroid Model.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03051269 (Calcium Electroporation for Head and Neck Cancer), which is not on this map. Cited by 52 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Calcium Electroporation for Head and Neck Cancer
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advancing Electrochemotherapy in Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: From Clinical Practice to Emerging Frontiers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Physiologically Relevant Organotypic Tissue Slice Model for Evaluating Cell Responses to Ionizing Radiation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Improving photodynamic therapy efficacy in bladder cancer using polymer micelle-encapsulated pheophorbide a.Translational oncology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of unipolar and bipolar nanosecond pulses for calcium electrochemotherapy and immune response.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Cytotoxicity in vitro assay in 3D vs. 2D L929 cell cultures - comparative analysis of the response to the latex extracts.PloS one · 2026Article
- Establishing a Salvage Endoscopic Electroporation (SEE) Service for Colorectal Cancer: The King's Protocol for Clinical Implementation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Characterization of glioma spheroid viability and metastatic potential following monophasic and biphasic pulsed electric fields.Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Pulsed field ablation in medicine: irreversible electroporation and electropermeabilization theory and applications.Radiology and oncology · 2025Review
- Preclinical trials of distant noninvasive electromagnetic therapy for fracture recovery in rats.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Power-Driven Electroporation Is Predictive of Treatment Outcomes in a Conductivity-Independent Manner.BME frontiers · 2025Article
- Advances in Pharmaceutical Science in Electrochemotherapy: A Tribute to Prof. Jolanta Saczko.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Electrochemotherapy and Calcium Electroporation on Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells: An In-Vitro Investigation.Cardiovascular and interventional radiology · 2024Article
- The Efficacy of Electrochemotherapy with Dacarbazine on Melanoma Cells.Bioelectricity · 2024Article
- Calcium Electroporation versus Electrochemotherapy with Bleomycin in an In Vivo CAM-Based Uveal Melanoma Xenograft Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Calcium channels as therapeutic targets in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: current evidence and clinical trials.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Calcium Electrochemotherapy for Tumor Eradication and the Potential of High-Frequency Nanosecond Protocols.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Review
- Review
- Irreversible Electroporation in Pancreatic Cancer-An Evolving Experimental and Clinical Method.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The effectiveness of calcium electroporation combined with gene electrotransfer of a plasmid encoding IL-12 is tumor type-dependent.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCalcium electroporation describes the use of high voltage electric pulses to introduce supraphysiological calcium concentrations into cells. This promising method is currently in clinical trial as an anti-cancer treatment. One very important issue is the relation between tumor cell kill efficacy-and normal cell sensitivity.
methodsUsing a 3D spheroid cell culture model we have tested the effect of calcium electroporation and electrochemotherapy using bleomycin on three different human cancer cell lines: a colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT29), a bladder transitional cell carcinoma (SW780), and a breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB231), as well as on primary normal human dermal fibroblasts (HDF-n).
resultsThe results showed a clear reduction in spheroid size in all three cancer cell spheroids three days after treatment with respectively calcium electroporation (p<0.0001) or electrochemotherapy using bleomycin (p<0.0001). Strikingly, the size of normal fibroblast spheroids was neither affected after calcium electroporation nor electrochemotherapy using bleomycin, indicating that calcium electroporation, like electrochemotherapy, will have limited adverse effects on the surrounding normal tissue when treating with calcium electroporation. The intracellular ATP level, which has previously been shown to be depleted after calcium electroporation, was measured in the spheroids after treatment. The results showed a dramatic decrease in the intracellular ATP level (p<0.01) in all four spheroid types-malignant as well as normal.
conclusionIn conclusion, calcium electroporation seems to be more effective in inducing cell death in cancer cell spheroids than in a normal fibroblast spheroid, even though intracellular ATP level is depleted in all spheroid types after treatment. These results may indicate an important therapeutic window for this therapy; although further studies are needed in vivo and in patients to investigate the effect of calcium electroporation on surrounding normal tissue when treating tumors.
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