ReviewCurrent opinion in HIV and AIDS2016
Should we fear resistance from tenofovir/emtricitabine preexposure prophylaxis?
Review in Current opinion in HIV and AIDS, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Simulation modeling for the design and evaluation of HIV drug resistance interventions: a systematic review of literature.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Examining the Use of HIV Self-Testing to Support PrEP Delivery: a Systematic Literature Review.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2022Pooled it
- Efficiency of 6-month PrEP dispensing with HIV self-testing in Kenya: an open-label, randomised, non-inferiority, implementation trial.The lancet. HIV · 2022Trial
- A Randomized, Open-Label, Crossover Phase 1 Safety and Pharmacokinetic Study of Oral Maraviroc and Maraviroc 1% Gel (the CHARM-03 Study).AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2022Trial
- Using the adherence-efficacy relationship of emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate to calculate background hiv incidence: a secondary analysis of a randomized, controlled trial.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Trial
- Emtricitabine and tenofovir alafenamide vs emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (DISCOVER): primary results from a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, active-controlled, phase 3, non-inferiority trial.Lancet (London, England) · 2020Trial
- The fourth generation AlereJournal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2017Trial
- Characterization of HIV Seroconverters in a TDF/FTC PrEP Study: HPTN 067/ADAPT.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Trial
- HIV disease progression among women following seroconversion during a tenofovir-based HIV prevention trial.PloS one · 2017Trial
- Beyond Surveillance Mutations: Long-Term Trends and Clinical Relevance of Transmitted HIV Drug Resistance in Spain (2007-2023).Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Improper use of TDF/FTC PrEP leading to acute HIV infection with low-level viremia and transient K70KR mutation: diagnostic challenges and drug resistance dynamics.Virology journal · 2025Article
- A cross-sectional study evaluating the frequency of HIV drug resistance mutations among individuals diagnosed with HIV-1 in tenofovir disoproxil fumarate-based pre-exposure prophylaxis rollout programmes in Kenya, Zimbabwe, Eswatini and South Africa.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2025Article
- Baseline variables associated with subsequent HIV seroconversion among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men and transgender women: a prospective, multicenter PrEP demonstration study (ImPrEP).Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Impact of HIV self-testing for oral pre-exposure prophylaxis scale-up on drug resistance and HIV outcomes in western Kenya: a modelling study.The lancet. HIV · 2024Article
- Acute HIV Diagnosis After Initiation of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in a Young Adult Patient: A Case Report.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2024Article
- Measuring the performance of HIV self-testing at private pharmacies in Kenya: a cross-sectional study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Article
- Clinical Presentation, Treatment Response, and Virology Outcomes of Women Who Seroconverted in the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring Trials-The Ring Study and DREAM.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Observational
- How could HIV-1 drug resistance impact preexposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention?Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2022Review
- Cost-effectiveness of easy-access, risk-informed oral pre-exposure prophylaxis in HIV epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa: a modelling study.The lancet. HIV · 2022Article
- Casting a Wide Net: HIV Drug Resistance Monitoring in Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Seroconverters in the Global Evaluation of Microbicide Sensitivity Project.Global health, science and practice · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purpose of reviewTo review current data on HIV-1 resistance arising from the use of fixed dose combination tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) for preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV-1 infection. RECENT
findingsResistance to tenofovir (TNV) or FTC is infrequently selected by TDF/FTC PrEP if started before HIV-1 infection has occurred, but is much more common when inadvertently started during undiagnosed acute infection. Mathematical modeling predicts that the number of HIV-1 infections averted by the use of PrEP far exceeds the increase in drug-resistant infections that could occur from PrEP. Studies in macaques show that TNV-resistant virus but not FTC-resistant virus can cause breakthrough infection despite TDF/FTC PrEP. FTC resistance with M184 V/I occurs more frequently than TFV resistance with K65R in seroconverters from clinical trials of TDF/FTC PrEP. SUMMARY: The benefit of preventing HIV-1 infections with TDF/FTC PrEP far outweighs the risk of drug-resistant infection, provided PrEP is not started in persons with undiagnosed HIV-1 infection. We should respect but not fear HIV-1 resistance from TDF/FTC PrEP and recognize that most TNV or FTC resistance will arise from its use for antiretroviral therapy (ART). Preventing ART failure or detecting it early is most important for preventing the spread of HIV-1 resistance to TDF/FTC and preserving its effectiveness for both PrEP and ART.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.