Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26633519›Full record

ReviewPathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2015

Antimicrobial Mechanisms of Macrophages and the Immune Evasion Strategies of Staphylococcus aureus.

Ronald S Flannagan, Bryan Heit, David E Heinrichs

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
106citing papers in PubMed
6.4field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

106 citing papers in PubMed, 188 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Infection and immunity · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. A small RNA fromVirulence · 2025
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Oxidative Stress and Survival ofExpert reviews in molecular medicine · 2025
    Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  15. Bacterial and host interactions inFrontiers in microbiology · 2025
    Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Heterogeneity ofInfection and immunity · 2024
    Article
  20. Review

46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Ronald S FlannaganDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, the University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada. rflanna2@uwo.ca.
Bryan HeitDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, the University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada. bheit@uwo.ca.
David E HeinrichsDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, the University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada. deh@uwo.ca.
Western University · CA

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Habitually professional phagocytes, including macrophages, eradicate microbial invaders from the human body without overt signs of infection. Despite this, there exist select bacteria that are professional pathogens, causing significant morbidity and mortality across the globe and Staphylococcus aureus is no exception. S. aureus is a highly successful pathogen that can infect virtually every tissue that comprises the human body causing a broad spectrum of diseases. The profound pathogenic capacity of S. aureus can be attributed, in part, to its ability to elaborate a profusion of bacterial effectors that circumvent host immunity. Macrophages are important professional phagocytes that contribute to both the innate and adaptive immune response, however from in vitro and in vivo studies, it is evident that they fail to eradicate S. aureus. This review provides an overview of the antimicrobial mechanisms employed by macrophages to combat bacteria and describes the immune evasion strategies and some representative effectors that enable S. aureus to evade macrophage-mediated killing.

Indexed as

anti-phagocyticimmune evasionimmunitymacrophagenutritional immunityphagocytosisStaphylococcus

Identifiers

PMID26633519
PMCPMC4693167
OpenAlexW2179197851

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.