ReviewToxins2015
The Role of Rho GTPases in Toxicity of Clostridium difficile Toxins.
Review in Toxins, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Importance of the inflammasome in gut-brain axis: from pathological driver to therapeutic target.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Extraintestinal Manifestations ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- AgainstToxins · 2025Review
- Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Takotsubo Syndrome Patients with Gastrointestinal Diseases: A Systematic Review.International journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature · 2025Article
- Methods of a Reproducible Mouse Model of Clostridioides difficile Infection to Investigate Novel Bacterial-Based Therapies.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Preclinical evaluation of 6-Gingerol in modulating gut microbiota and SCFAs to mitigateFrontiers in chemistry · 2025Article
- Mechanisms ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- PPAR-γ agonist mitigates intestinal barrier dysfunction and inflammation induced by Clostridioides difficile SlpA in vitro.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Review
- The microbial metabolite urolithin A reducesmSystems · 2024Article
- Review
- The anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of Achillea millefolium L. extracts on Clostridioides difficile ribotype 001 in human intestinal epithelial cells.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2024Article
- Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and its effect on α-synuclein and prion protein misfolding: consequences for neurodegeneration.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Development and characterization of phage display-derived anti-toxin antibodies neutralizing TcdA and TcdB ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Biofilm Formation ofMicroorganisms · 2023Review
- AMPylation of small GTPases by Fic enzymes.FEBS letters · 2023Review
- Review
- Structure and conformational dynamics ofLife science alliance · 2022Article
- Structure of the glucosyltransferase domain of TcdA in complex with RhoA provides insights into substrate recognition.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Exploration of potential role of Rho GTPase in nicotine dependence-induced withdrawal syndrome in mice.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is the main cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea prevailing in hospital settings. In the past decade, the morbidity and mortality of C. difficile infection (CDI) has increased significantly due to the emergence of hypervirulent strains. Toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB), the two exotoxins of C. difficile, are the major virulence factors of CDI. The common mode of action of TcdA and TcdB is elicited by specific glucosylation of Rho-GTPase proteins in the host cytosol using UDP-glucose as a co-substrate, resulting in the inactivation of Rho proteins. Rho proteins are the key members in many biological processes and signaling pathways, inactivation of which leads to cytopathic and cytotoxic effects and immune responses of the host cells. It is supposed that Rho GTPases play an important role in the toxicity of C. difficile toxins. This review focuses on recent progresses in the understanding of functional consequences of Rho GTPases glucosylation induced by C. difficile toxins and the role of Rho GTPases in the toxicity of TcdA and TcdB.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.