ReviewNutrients2015
Copper-2 Ingestion, Plus Increased Meat Eating Leading to Increased Copper Absorption, Are Major Factors Behind the Current Epidemic of Alzheimer's Disease.
Review in Nutrients, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effects of Fisetin and Curcumin on Oxidative Damage Caused by Transition Metals in Neurodegenerative Diseases.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Insights Into the Role of Copper in Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Therapeutic Potential of Natural Compounds.Current neuropharmacology · 2024Review
- Design and Development of Inexpensive Paper-Based Chemosensors for Detection of Divalent Copper.Journal of fluorescence · 2023Article
- Diet's Role in Modifying Risk of Alzheimer's Disease: History and Present Understanding.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2023Review
- Lipid-related metabolism during zebrafish embryogenesis under unbalanced copper homeostasis.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2022Article
- Different copper sources and levels affect growth performance, copper content, carcass characteristics, intestinal microorganism and metabolism of finishing pigs.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2022Article
- High-dose copper activates p53-independent apoptosis through the induction of nucleolar stress in human cell lines.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2021Article
- Assessment of Trace Elements Supply in Canned Tuna Fish Commercialized for Human Consumption in Brazil.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Highly Sensitive and Selective Spiropyran-Based Sensor for Copper(II) Quantification.ACS omega · 2021Article
- Environmental exposures and the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: The potential role of BACE1 as a critical neurotoxic target.Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology · 2021Review
- Construction of a mApple-D6A3-mediated biosensor for detection of heavy metal ions.AMB Express · 2020Article
- Chronic copper exposure directs microglia towards degenerative expression signatures in wild-type and J20 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology : organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS) · 2020Article
- Human Health Risk Assessment through Roasted Meats Consumption.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Low copper-2 intake in Switzerland does not result in lower incidence of Alzheimer's disease and contradicts the Copper-2 Hypothesis.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2020Review
- Copper-Induced Upregulation of MicroRNAs Directs the Suppression of Endothelial LRP1 in Alzheimer's Disease Model.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2019Article
- Copper signalling: causes and consequences.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2018Review
- Environmental and Dietary Exposure to Copper and Its Cellular Mechanisms Linking to Alzheimer's Disease.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2018Review
- Reply to B. Meunier's Letter to the Editor Re: Brewer G. J.; Nutrients 2015, 7, 10053-10064.Nutrients · 2016Article
- Age and Alzheimer's Disease.Nutrients · 2016Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It has become clear that copper toxicity is playing a major role in Alzheimer's disease; but why is the brain copper toxicity with cognition loss in Alzheimer's disease so much different clinically than brain copper toxicity in Wilson's disease, which results in a movement disorder? Furthermore, why is the inorganic copper of supplement pills and in drinking water so much more damaging to cognition than the organic copper in food? A recent paper, which shows that almost all food copper is copper-1, that is the copper-2 of foods reverts to the reduced copper-1 form at death or harvest, gives new insight into these questions. The body has an intestinal transport system for copper-1, Ctr1, which channels copper-1 through the liver and into safe channels. Ctr1 cannot absorb copper-2, and some copper-2 bypasses the liver, ends up in the blood quickly, and is toxic to cognition. Humans evolved to handle copper-1 safely, but not copper-2. Alzheimer's is at least in part, a copper-2 toxicity disease, while Wilson's is a general copper overload disease. In this review, we will show that the epidemiology of the Alzheimer's epidemic occurring in developed, but not undeveloped countries, fits with the epidemiology of exposure to copper-2 ingestion leached from copper plumbing and from copper supplement pill ingestion. Increased meat eating in developed countries is also a factor, because it increases copper absorption, and thus over all copper exposure.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.