Observational studyNutrients2015
Gestational Vitamin 25(OH)D Status as a Risk Factor for Receptive Language Development: A 24-Month, Longitudinal, Observational Study.
Observational study in Nutrients, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal vitamin D in humans: systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Vitamin D status during pregnancy and offspring outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of vitamin D deficiency on neurobehavioural outcomes in children: a systematic review.Wellcome open research · 2020Pooled it
- Prenatal Primary Prevention of Mental Illness by Micronutrient Supplements in Pregnancy.The American journal of psychiatry · 2018Pooled it
- High-Dose Vitamin D3 Supplementation During Pregnancy and Test-Based Cognitive Performance at Age 10 Years: A Post Hoc Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Early life vitamin D and neurocognitive abilities at age 6-8 years: a randomized clinical trial and observational analysis.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Trial
- High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation in Pregnancy and Neurodevelopment in Childhood: A Prespecified Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2020Trial
- Placental Gene Expression Associated With Early Childhood Growth Trajectories and Obesity Risk.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2025Article
- Gestational vitamin D concentration and child cognitive development: a longitudinal cohort study in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Program.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Article
- Association of Serum Vitamin A and D Status with Neuropsychological Development Outcomes in Children Aged 4 to 24 Months: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.Iranian journal of public health · 2025Article
- Maternal dietary flavonoid intake and child wheeze and asthma in the Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood (CANDLE) cohort.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2025Article
- Associations Between Prenatal Vitamin D and Placental Gene Expression.The Journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Associations Between Prenatal Vitamin D and Placental Gene Expression.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Maternal stressful life events during pregnancy and childhood asthma and wheeze.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2024Article
- "You are my sunshine, my only sunshine": maternal vitamin D status and supplementation in pregnancy and their effect on neonatal and childhood outcomes.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2023Review
- Maternal and neonatal blood vitamin D status and neurodevelopment at 24 months of age: a prospective birth cohort study.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2023Article
- The Synaptic and Circuit Functions of Vitamin D in Neurodevelopment Disorders.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2023Review
- Maternal exposure to urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in pregnancy and childhood asthma in a pooled multi-cohort study.Environment international · 2022Article
- Review: Influence of 25(OH)D Blood Concentration and Supplementation during Pregnancy on Preeclampsia Development and Neonatal Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- The association between duration of breastfeeding and childhood asthma outcomes.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Emerging data suggest that vitamin D status during childhood and adolescence can affect neurocognitive development. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether gestational 25(OH)D status is associated with early childhood cognitive and receptive language development. The Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood Study (CANDLE) study enrolled 1503 mother-child dyads during the second trimester of healthy singleton pregnancies from Shelby County TN. Among 1020 participants of the total CANDLE cohort for whom 25(OH)D levels were available, mean gestational 25(OH)D level during the second trimester was 22.3 ng/mL (range 5.9-68.4), with 41.7% of values <20 ng/dL. Cognitive and language scaled scores increased in a stair-step manner as gestational 25(OH)D levels in the second trimester rose from <20 ng/dL, through 20-29.99 ng/dL, to ≥30 ng/dL. When controlling for socioeconomic status, race, use of tobacco products, gestational age of the child at birth, and age at the 2-year assessment, the gestational 25(OH)D was positively related to receptive language development (p < 0.017), but not cognitive or expressive language.
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