ReviewNature reviews. Rheumatology2016
Targeting GM-CSF in inflammatory diseases.
Review in Nature reviews. Rheumatology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 145 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
145 citing papers in PubMed, 257 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Anti-GM-CSF otilimab versus sarilumab or placebo in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and inadequate response to targeted therapies: a phase III randomised trial (contRAst 3).Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2023Trial
- Anti-GM-CSF otilimab versus tofacitinib or placebo in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to conventional or biologic DMARDs: two phase 3 randomised trials (contRAst 1 and contRAst 2).Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2023Trial
- A randomised trial of anti-GM-CSF otilimab in severe COVID-19 pneumonia (OSCAR).The European respiratory journal · 2023Trial
- Efficacy and safety of mavrilimumab in giant cell arteritis: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2022Trial
- Oral and Intestinal Bacterial Substances Associated with Disease Activities in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional Clinical Study.Journal of immunology research · 2022Trial
- Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) as a therapeutic target in psoriasis: randomized, controlled investigation using namilumab, a specific human anti-GM-CSF monoclonal antibody.The British journal of dermatology · 2019Trial
- Review
- Role of viral and host factors in determining the outcome of HBV-associated acute liver failure.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- From IL-23/IL-17 to GM-CSF: how is the immuno-inflammatory continuum reshaped in spondyloarthritis?Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Chimeric hemagglutinin-based universal influenza mRNA vaccine induces protective immunity and bone marrow plasma cells in rhesus macaques.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CB2) in Macrophages: A Promising Clinical Target for Immune Disorders.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Targeting the double-edged sword: cytokines in the pathogenesis and treatment of autoimmune diseases.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Elevated nitric oxide during colitis restrains GM-CSF production in ILC3 cells via suppressing an AhR-Cyp4f13-NF-κB axis.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Unraveling Neurodevelopment: Synergistic Effects of Intrinsic Genetic Programs and Extrinsic Environmental Cues.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Serum cytokines in periodontal diseases.Periodontology 2000 · 2025Review
- Recent Advances of Trained immunity in Macrophages.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
- Screening of Phytocompounds Against the NF-kB Pathway Genes and Lung Elevated Proteins Associated with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.Recent advances in inflammation & allergy drug discovery · 2025Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced thyroiditis and its potential mechanisms.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Profiling migration of human monocytes in response to chemotactic and barotactic guidance cues.Cell reports methods · 2024Article
85 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a growth factor first identified as an inducer of differentiation and proliferation of granulocytes and macrophages derived from haematopoietic progenitor cells. Later studies have shown that GM-CSF is involved in a wide range of biological processes in both innate and adaptive immunity, with its production being tightly linked to the response to danger signals. Given that the functions of GM-CSF span multiple tissues and biological processes, this cytokine has shown potential as a new and important therapeutic target in several autoimmune and inflammatory disorders - particularly in rheumatoid arthritis. Indeed, GM-CSF was one of the first cytokines detected in human synovial fluid from inflamed joints. Therapies that target GM-CSF or its receptor have been tested in preclinical studies with promising results, further supporting the potential of targeting the GM-CSF pathway. In this Review, we discuss our expanding view of the biology of GM-CSF, outline what has been learnt about GM-CSF from studies of animal models and human diseases, and summarize the results of early phase clinical trials evaluating GM-CSF antagonism in inflammatory disorders.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.