ArticlePloS one2015
Antiretroviral Therapy, Especially Efavirenz, Is Associated with Low Bone Mineral Density in HIV-Infected South Africans.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Changes in Bone Mineral Density, Body Composition, Vitamin D Status, and Mineral Metabolism in Urban HIV-Positive South African Women Over 12 Months.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2017Trial
- Effects of cholecalciferol supplementation on serum and urinary vitamin D metabolites and binding protein in HIV-infected youth.The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology · 2017Trial
- Vitamin D and the metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease-type 2 diabetes axis: a scoping-narrative review of global evidence and emerging perspectives for Sub-Saharan Africa.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2026Review
- Longitudinal changes in bone mineral density among children living with HIV over 96 weeks following switch to second-line antiretroviral therapy in Uganda.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Bone Loss and Fractures in Post-Menopausal Women Living with HIV: A Narrative Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Menopause on Bone Mineral Density: A Longitudinal Study of Urban-Dwelling South African Women.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2023Article
- Low incidence of advanced neurological burden but high incidence of age-related conditions that are dementia risk factors in aging people living with HIV: a data-linkage 10-year follow-up study.Journal of neurovirology · 2023Article
- Fractures in sub-Saharan Africa: epidemiology, economic impact and ethnography (Fractures-EWellcome open research · 2023Article
- Article
- Osteoporosis, Rather Than Sarcopenia, Is the Predominant Musculoskeletal Disease in a Rural South African Community Where Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevalence Is High: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2022Article
- Article
- Article
- Low bone mass in people living with HIV on long-term anti-retroviral therapy: A single center study in Uganda.PloS one · 2021Article
- The association between serum vitamin D and body composition in South African HIV-infected women.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2021Article
- Article
- Combination of Tenofovir and Emtricitabine with Efavirenz Does Not Moderate Inhibitory Effect of Efavirenz on Mitochondrial Function and Cholesterol Biosynthesis in Human T Lymphoblastoid Cell Line.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2018Article
- Continued Interest and Controversy: Vitamin D in HIV.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2018Review
- Monthly or Weekly Supplementation with Cholecalciferol 20,000 IU in People Living with HIV: Results from a Nested Cohort Study.Interdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Management of Reduced Bone Mineral Density in HIV: Pharmacological Challenges and the Role of Exercise.Frontiers in physiology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeWe determined the prevalence and correlates of low bone mineral density (BMD) in HIV-infected South Africans as there is a paucity of such data from Africa.
methodsBMD and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured in HIV-positive participants on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and in those not yet on ART (ART-naïve).
resultsWe enrolled 444 participants [median age 35(IQR: 30, 40) years; 77% women]. BMD was low (z score <-2SD) in 17% and 5% of participants at the lumbar spine and total hip, respectively. Total hip [0.909 (SD 0.123) vs 0.956 (SD 0.124) g/cm2, p = 0.0001] and neck of femur BMD [0.796 (SD 0.130) vs 0.844 (SD 0.120) g/cm2, p = 0.0001] were lower in the ART, compared to the ART-naïve group. Vitamin D deficiency was present in 15% of participants and was associated with efavirenz use [adjusted OR 2.04 (95% CI 1.01 to 4.13)]. In a multivariate linear regression, exposure to efavirenz or lopinavir-based ART was associated with lower total hip BMD, whereas higher weight, being male and higher vitamin D concentration were associated with higher total hip BMD (adjusted R2 = 0.28). Age, weight, sex, and the use of efavirenz-based ART were independently associated with lumbar spine BMD (adjusted R2 = 0.13).
conclusionsVitamin D status, use of efavirenz or lopinavir/ritonavir, weight, age and sex are significantly associated with lower BMD in this young cohort of HIV-infected South Africans.
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