Trial reportJournal of biomechanical engineering2016
Cryotherapy-Induced Persistent Vasoconstriction After Cutaneous Cooling: Hysteresis Between Skin Temperature and Blood Perfusion.
Trial report in Journal of biomechanical engineering, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cryotherapy in Postoperative Shoulder Surgery: A Systematic Review.Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management · 2024Pooled it
- Time-dependent microvascular and analgesic responses to cold compression in healthy adults: identifying the optimal cooling duration for recovery.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Trial
- A randomised crossover trial of five cryocompression devices' ability to reduce skin temperature of the knee.PloS one · 2024Trial
- Evaluation of the optimal cooling temperature for the face measured by the tissue perfusion during hilotherapy using laser Doppler spectrophotometry.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Preventive effect of a vapocoolant spray on propofol-induced pain: a prospective, double-blind, randomized study.Journal of anesthesia · 2017Trial
- Severe trauma care: advances and future directions in diagnostic and therapeutic techniques and information technology support.Medical review (2021) · 2026Article
- No long-term effect of 7-day computer-assisted cryotherapy treatment after total knee arthroplasty: A randomized controlled trial with 1-year follow-up.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2025Review
- The Effects of Cold Application on Internal and External Carotid Artery Flows: an Evaluation of Conventional Epistaxis Management.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2025Article
- Postoperative Cryotherapy in Joints Other Than the Knee: A Systematic Review of Pain, Edema, Analgesic Use, and Blood Loss in the Shoulder, Hand, Hip, and Ankle Joints.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2025Review
- Digital necrosis following combined liquid nitrogen and candida antigen therapy for digital warts.JAAD case reports · 2023Article
- Integrated Thermofluid Lumped Parameter Model for Analyzing Hemodynamics in Human Fatigue State.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Assessment of the Dynamics of Temperature Changes in the Knee Joint Area in Response to Selected Cooling Agents in Thermographic Tests.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Evaluation of the effect of cooling strategies on recovery after surgical intervention.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2019Article
- Level of Cutaneous Blood Flow Depression During Cryotherapy Depends on Applied Temperature: Criteria for Protocol Design.Journal of engineering and science in medical diagnostics and therapy · 2018Article
- Pronounced and sustained cutaneous vasoconstriction during and following cyrotherapy treatment: Role of neurotransmitters released from sympathetic nerves.Microvascular research · 2018Article
- Sustained cutaneous vasoconstriction during and following cyrotherapy treatment: Role of oxidative stress and Rho kinase.Microvascular research · 2016Article
- An On-Site Thermoelectric Cooling Device for Cryotherapy and Control of Skin Blood Flow.Journal of medical devices · 2015Article
- Heat Transfer in Health and Healing.Journal of heat transfer · 2015Article
- Quantitative evaluation of the thermal heterogeneity on the surface of cryotherapy cooling pads.Journal of biomechanical engineering · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the persistence of cold-induced vasoconstriction following cessation of active skin-surface cooling. This study demonstrates a hysteresis effect that develops between skin temperature and blood perfusion during the cooling and subsequent rewarming period. An Arctic Ice cryotherapy unit (CTU) was applied to the knee region of six healthy subjects for 60 min of active cooling followed by 120 min of passive rewarming. Multiple laser Doppler flowmetry perfusion probes were used to measure skin blood flow (expressed as cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC)). Skin surface cooling produced a significant reduction in CVC (P < 0.001) that persisted throughout the duration of the rewarming period. In addition, there was a hysteresis effect between CVC and skin temperature during the cooling and subsequent rewarming cycle (P < 0.01). Mixed model regression (MMR) showed a significant difference in the slopes of the CVC-skin temperature curves during cooling and rewarming (P < 0.001). Piecewise regression was used to investigate the temperature thresholds for acceleration of CVC during the cooling and rewarming periods. The two thresholds were shown to be significantly different (P = 0.003). The results show that localized cooling causes significant vasoconstriction that continues beyond the active cooling period despite skin temperatures returning toward baseline values. The significant and persistent reduction in skin perfusion may contribute to nonfreezing cold injury (NFCI) associated with cryotherapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.