Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26631376›Full record

ArticleOpen biology2015

Supergroup C Wolbachia, mutualist symbionts of filarial nematodes, have a distinct genome structure.

Francesco Comandatore, Richard Cordaux, Claudio Bandi, Mark Blaxter, Alistair Darby, Benjamin L Makepeace, Matteo Montagna, Davide Sassera

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Open biology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed
3.0field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. New microbes and new infections · 2025
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Complete De Novo Assembly ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Evidence of phylosymbiosis inFrontiers in microbiology · 2023
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Diminutive, degraded but dissimilar:Microbial genomics · 2020
    Article
  17. An Earliest Endosymbiont,International journal of molecular sciences · 2020
    Article
  18. Article
  19. The Jekyll and Hyde Symbiont: CouldJournal of bacteriology · 2020
    Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.

Francesco ComandatoreDipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica (DIVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Richard CordauxUniversité de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Equipe Ecologie Evolution Symbiose, Poitiers, France.
Claudio BandiDipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica (DIVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
Mark BlaxterInstitute of Evolutionary Biology and Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, The School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3TF, UK.
Alistair DarbyInstitute of Integrative Biology and the Centre for Genomic Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK.
Benjamin L MakepeaceInstitute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.
Matteo MontagnaDipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
Davide SasseraDipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy davide.sassera@unipv.it.
University of Liverpool · GBUniversity of Milan · ITUniversity of Pavia · ITCentre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution · GBCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique · FR

Funding

Cancer Research UKMedical Research Council G0900740Medical Research Council MR/K001744/1Wellcome Trust 095831
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Wolbachia pipientis is possibly the most widespread endosymbiont of arthropods and nematodes. While all Wolbachia strains have historically been defined as a single species, 16 monophyletic clusters of diversity (called supergroups) have been described. Different supergroups have distinct host ranges and symbiotic relationships, ranging from mutualism to reproductive manipulation. In filarial nematodes, which include parasites responsible for major diseases of humans (such as Onchocerca volvulus, agent of river blindness) and companion animals (Dirofilaria immitis, the dog heartworm), Wolbachia has an obligate mutualist role and is the target of new treatment regimens. Here, we compare the genomes of eight Wolbachia strains, spanning the diversity of the major supergroups (A-F), analysing synteny, transposable element content, GC skew and gene loss or gain. We detected genomic features that differ between Wolbachia supergroups, most notably in the C and D clades from filarial nematodes. In particular, strains from supergroup C (symbionts of O. volvulus and D. immitis) present a pattern of GC skew, conserved synteny and lack of transposable elements, unique in the Wolbachia genus. These features could be the consequence of a distinct symbiotic relationship between C Wolbachia strains and their hosts, highlighting underappreciated differences between the mutualistic supergroups found within filarial nematodes.

Indexed as

AnimalsBacterial ProteinsFilarioideaGenomicsSymbiosisWolbachiaBacterial Proteinsfilarial nematodesGC skewgenome characteristicsWolbachia

Identifiers

PMID26631376
PMCPMC4703054
OpenAlexW2183221283

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.