ArticlePLoS pathogens2015
Human Metapneumovirus Is Capable of Entering Cells by Fusion with Endosomal Membranes.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- RNAi-based therapeutics targeting the F gene in human metapneumovirus: An in-silico approach.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2026Article
- A novel antiviral strategy targeting human metapneumovirus through pH modulation in human airway epithelial cells.The Journal of general virology · 2026Article
- Avian Metapneumovirus: Virology, Epidemiology, and Insights from a Comparative Analysis with Human Metapneumovirus-A Review.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Article
- Inflammasomes as Potential Therapeutic Targets to Prevent Chronic Active Viral Myocarditis-Translating Basic Science into Clinical Practice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Actin cytoskeleton dynamics affect replication of human Metapneumovirus.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Human metapneumovirus: understanding the molecular mechanisms and pathology of infection.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Development of a multi-epitope vaccine candidate targeting conserved regions of human metapneumovirus.Virusdisease · 2025Article
- Review
- Respiratory syncytial virus fuses with plasma membrane to infect primary cultures of bronchial epithelial cells.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Interplay between endogenous hormones and immune systems in human metapneumovirus pathogenesis and management.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Receptors and host factors: key players in human metapneumovirus infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Metapneumovirus-Induced Myocarditis Complicated by Klebsiella pneumoniae Co-Infection: A Case Report.The American journal of case reports · 2024Article
- Advances in the Relationship between Respiratory Viruses and Asthma.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- New Insights into the Host-Pathogen Interaction ofMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Newcastle Disease Virus Entry into Chicken Macrophages via a pH-Dependent, Dynamin and Caveola-Mediated Endocytic Pathway That Requires Rab5.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Review
- Mosquito Defensins Enhance Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection by Facilitating Virus Adsorption and Entry within the Mosquito.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Antibody recognition of the Pneumovirus fusion protein trimer interface.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Human Metapneumovirus Infections in Three-Dimensional Human Airway Tissues Expose an Interesting Dichotomy in Viral Replication, Spread, and Inhibition by Neutralizing Antibodies.Journal of virology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV), a member of the Paramyxoviridae family, is a leading cause of lower respiratory illness. Although receptor binding is thought to initiate fusion at the plasma membrane for paramyxoviruses, the entry mechanism for HMPV is largely uncharacterized. Here we sought to determine whether HMPV initiates fusion at the plasma membrane or following internalization. To study the HMPV entry process in human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells, we used fluorescence microscopy, an R18-dequenching fusion assay, and developed a quantitative, fluorescence microscopy assay to follow virus binding, internalization, membrane fusion, and visualize the cellular site of HMPV fusion. We found that HMPV particles are internalized into human bronchial epithelial cells before fusing with endosomes. Using chemical inhibitors and RNA interference, we determined that HMPV particles are internalized via clathrin-mediated endocytosis in a dynamin-dependent manner. HMPV fusion and productive infection are promoted by RGD-binding integrin engagement, internalization, actin polymerization, and dynamin. Further, HMPV fusion is pH-independent, although infection with rare strains is modestly inhibited by RNA interference or chemical inhibition of endosomal acidification. Thus, HMPV can enter via endocytosis, but the viral fusion machinery is not triggered by low pH. Together, our results indicate that HMPV is capable of entering host cells by multiple pathways, including membrane fusion from endosomal compartments.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.