ReviewCurrent opinion in pharmacology2016
Modulation of neuronal excitability by immune mediators in epilepsy.
Review in Current opinion in pharmacology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 128 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis of HMGB1 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum of patients with epilepsy.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2023Pooled it
- GABACellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Molecular and Mechanistic Divergence of Seizures in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: CNS Infiltration Versus Chemotherapy-Induced Neurotoxicity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The Hidden Metabolic Roots of Epilepsy.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- The Biomarkers and Underlying Mechanisms of Mitochondrial and Programmed Cell Death Related Genes in Epilepsy by Combining Transcriptome and Single-Cell Sequencing.Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society · 2026Article
- Epileptogenesis and Epilepsy Treatment: Advances in Mechanistic Understanding, Therapeutic Approaches, and Future Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Innate immune signalling, neuroinflammation and network plasticity in temporal lobe epilepsy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Global, regional, and national children and adolescent epilepsy burden, 1990-2021: an analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2021.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Beyond Impaired GABAergic Signaling: Inflammation and Metabolic Dysfunction in Genetic Epilepsy Induced by GABRG2 Mutation.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Fenofibrate as a PPARα Agonist Modulates Neuroinflammation and Glutamate Receptors in a Rat Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Region-Specific Effects and Behavioral Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Review
- The kinase RIPK3 promotes neuronal survival by suppressing excitatory neurotransmission during central nervous system viral infection.Immunity · 2025Article
- The effect of the HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway in patients with idiopathic epilepsy and its relationship with toxoplasmosis.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Article
- RIPK3 promotes neuronal survival by suppressing excitatory neurotransmission during CNS viral infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Cell-specific IL-1R1 regulates the regional heterogeneity of microglial displacement of GABAergic synapses and motor learning ability.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Article
- PI3K-AKT/mTOR Signaling in Psychiatric Disorders: A Valuable Target to Stimulate or Suppress?The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Review
- IL-1β, the first piece to the puzzle of sepsis-related cognitive impairment?Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- Alcohol, HMGB1, and Innate Immune Signaling in the Brain.Alcohol research : current reviews · 2024Review
- The Role of the Vagus Nerve in the Microbiome and Digestive System in Relation to Epilepsy.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- IRAK-M Ablation Promotes Status Epilepticus-Induced Neuroinflammation via Activating M1 Microglia and Impairing Excitatory Synaptic Function.Molecular neurobiology · 2023Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A complex set of inflammatory molecules and their receptors has been described in epileptogenic foci in different forms of pharmacoresistant epilepsies. By activating receptor-mediated pathways in neurons, these molecules have profound neuromodulatory effects that are distinct from their canonical activation of immune functions. Importantly, the neuromodulatory actions of some inflammatory molecules contribute to hyperexcitability in neural networks that underlie seizures. This review summarizes recent findings related to the role of cytokines (IL-1beta and TNF-alpha) and danger signals (HMGB1) in decreasing seizure threshold, thereby contributing to seizure generation and the associated neuropathology. We will discuss preclinical studies suggesting that pharmacological inhibition of specific inflammatory signals may be useful to treat drug-resistant seizures in human epilepsy, and possibly arrest epileptogenesis in individuals at risk of developing the disease.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.