ArticleThe journal of headache and pain2015
Kynurenic acid modulates experimentally induced inflammation in the trigeminal ganglion.
Article in The journal of headache and pain, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of the Effect of Tanacethum Parthenium, 5-Hydroxy Tryptophan, and Magnesium (Aurastop) versus Magnesium Alone on Aura Phenomenon and Its Evolution.Pain research & management · 2019Trial
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- Role of microbiota in pain: From bench to bedside.iMetaOmics · 2025Review
- The Biology and Biochemistry of Kynurenic Acid, a Potential Nutraceutical with Multiple Biological Effects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Nutrition in the Anatomy of Orofacial Pain.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Glucocorticoid Hormones as Modulators of the Kynurenine Pathway in Chronic Pain Conditions.Cells · 2023Review
- Rodent behavior following a dural inflammation model with anti-CGRP migraine medication treatment.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Review
- Review
- Review
- Immunologic aspects of migraine: A review of literature.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- Peripheral role of glutamate in orofacial pain.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- Kynurenic Acid Accelerates Healing of Corneal Epithelium In Vitro and In Vivo.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Effect of dural inflammatory soup application on activation and sensitization markers in the caudal trigeminal nucleus of the rat and the modulatory effects of sumatriptan and kynurenic acid.The journal of headache and pain · 2021Article
- SZR-104, a Novel Kynurenic Acid Analogue with High Permeability through the Blood-Brain Barrier.Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Puerarin Attenuates Complete Freund's Adjuvant-Induced Trigeminal Neuralgia and Inflammation in a Mouse Model via Sirt1-Mediated TGF-β1/Smad3 Inhibition.Journal of pain research · 2021Article
- Cutaneous and ocular rosacea: Common and specific physiopathogenic mechanisms and study models.Molecular vision · 2021Review
- Kynurenic Acid and Its Analogue SZR-72 Ameliorate the Severity of Experimental Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Trigeminal activation patterns evoked by chemical stimulation of the dura mater in rats.The journal of headache and pain · 2020Article
- A Pre-Existing Myogenic Temporomandibular Disorder Increases Trigeminal Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Enhances Nitroglycerin-Induced Hypersensitivity in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe trigeminal ganglion (TG) plays a central role in cranial pain. Administration of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) elicits activation of TG. Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an endogenous excitatory amino acid receptor blocker, which may have an anti-inflammatory effect. We hypothesize that KYNA may reduce CFA-induced activation within the TG.
methodsA local inflammation was induced by administration of CFA into the TMJ in rats. KYNA and kynurenic acid amide 2 (KYNAA2) were intraperitoneally administered. We investigated changes of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs as ERK1/2, p38 and SAPK/JNK), NF-κB, CaMKII and DREAM, in addition to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and its receptor components calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) and receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) in the TG, with immunohistochemistry and Western blot at 2 and 10 days post-CFA injection.
resultsWe showed CFA-induces increases in pERK1/2, pp38, CaMKII, NF-κB and DREAM immunohistochemistry after 2 and 10 days. KYNAA2 displayed stronger effects on MAPKs than KYNA. Increased expression of CaMKII, NF-κB and DREAM were found in the neurons. Western blot showed significantly increase in pERK expression at 10 days post-CFA, which decreased after 10 days of KYNA treatment. Two days post-CFA, a significantly increase in pp38 expression was found, which decreased after 2 days of KYNA and KYNAA2 treatment.
conclusionsThe CFA-induced inflammatory model for the TG activation provided a time-related expression of MAPK (pERK1/2, pp38) and NF-κB. It involves both the neuronal and glial activation, which points to possible neuron-glia interactions during this process. The administration of the endogenous NMDA-receptor antagonists, KYNA and its derivative KYNAA2, resulted in the inhibition of the induced signaling system of the TG, which further points the importance of the glutamate receptors in this mechanism.
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