ReviewCurrent obesity reports2015
Does Breastfeeding Protect Against Childhood Obesity? Moving Beyond Observational Evidence.
Review in Current obesity reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cardiovascular Prevention in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults. A Call-to-Action of the Italian Societies of Pediatrics (SIP), Hypertension (SIIA), Study of Atherosclerosis (SISA), and Cardiovascular Prevention (SIPREC).High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2026Guideline
- Early Roots of Childhood Obesity: Risk Factors, Mechanisms, and Prevention Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- White Adipocyte Stem Cell Expansion Through Infant Formula Feeding: New Insights into Epigenetic Programming Explaining the Early Protein Hypothesis of Obesity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Early-life antibiotic exposure aggravates hepatic steatosis through enhanced endotoxemia and lipotoxic effects driven by gutMedComm · 2025Article
- Thirty Obesity Myths, Misunderstandings, and/or Oversimplifications: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022.Obesity pillars · 2022Article
- Childhood obesity and adverse cardiometabolic risk in large for gestational age infants and potential early preventive strategies: a narrative review.Pediatric research · 2022Review
- Prenatal Education Intervention for Increasing Knowledge and Changing Attitude Toward Offspring Obesity Risk Factors.The Journal of perinatal education · 2022Article
- Human Milk Macronutrients and Bioactive Molecules and Development of Regional Fat Depots in Western Australian Infants during the First 12 Months of Lactation.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Development of Visceral and Subcutaneous-Abdominal Adipose Tissue in Breastfed Infants during First Year of Lactation.Nutrients · 2021Article
- The Social Value of Implementing the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding in an Indonesian Hospital: A Case Study.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2021Article
- Longitudinal Diet Quality Trajectories Suggest Targets for Diet Improvement in Early Childhood.Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · 2021Observational
- Social value of maintaining baby-friendly hospital initiative accreditation in Australia: case study.International journal for equity in health · 2021Article
- The Human Breast Milk Metabolome in Overweight and Obese Mothers.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Perspective: Human Milk Oligosaccharides: Fuel for Childhood Obesity Prevention?Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Article
- Periconception weight management in the Women, Infants, and Children program.Obesity science & practice · 2019Article
- Addressing Childhood Obesity for Type 2 Diabetes Prevention: Challenges and Opportunities.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2018Article
- Early-Life Exposures and Risk of Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity.Current diabetes reports · 2018Review
- The adipokine C1q TNF related protein 3 (CTRP3) is elevated in the breast milk of obese mothers.PeerJ · 2018Article
- TOS Scientific Position Statement: Breastfeeding and Obesity.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2017Article
- Early infant adipose deposition is positively associated with the n-6 to n-3 fatty acid ratio in human milk independent of maternal BMI.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human milk is the optimal feeding choice for infants, as it dynamically provides the nutrients, immunity support, and other bioactive factors needed for infants at specific stages during development. Observational studies and several meta-analyses have suggested that breastfeeding is protective against development of obesity in childhood and beyond. However, these findings are not without significant controversy. This review includes an overview of observational findings to date, then focuses on three specific pathways that connect human milk and infant physiology: maternal obesity, microbiome development in the infant, and the development of taste preference and diet quality. Each of these pathways involves complex interactions between mother and infant, includes both biologic and non-biologic factors, and may have both direct and indirect effects on obesity risk in the offspring. This type of integrated approach to examining breastfeeding and childhood obesity is necessary to advance research in this area beyond observational findings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.