SynthesisBMC public health2015
Meta-analysis of the association between second-hand smoke exposure and ischaemic heart diseases, COPD and stroke.
Synthesis in BMC public health, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessing the causal effects of environmental tobacco smoke exposure: a meta-analytic Mendelian randomization study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Pooled it
- Evolution and characteristics of studies estimating attributable mortality to second-hand smoke: a systematic review.European journal of public health · 2024Pooled it
- Water pipe smoking and stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Brain and behavior · 2024Pooled it
- Secondhand Smoke Exposure and the Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2023Pooled it
- Low cigarette consumption and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: meta-analysis of 141 cohort studies in 55 study reports.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2018Pooled it
- Epidemiological evidence relating environmental smoke to COPD in lifelong non-smokers: a systematic review.F1000Research · 2018Pooled it
- Modifiable Lifestyle Factors in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Current Evidence and Future Directions.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Secondhand Smoke Exposure Among University Students in the United Arab Emirates: Knowledge as a Correlate of Protective Behavior-A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Impact of Household Environmental Conditions on Residents' Health in the Dammam Metropolitan Area, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.Environmental health insights · 2026Article
- Global, regional, and 204 countries burden of disease attributed to secondhand smoke-related COPD, 1990-2021: A secondary data analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- The prevalence of secondhand smoke exposure and its association with chronic diseases and metabolic abnormalities: findings from the STEPS survey 2021.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Sex-specific global burden of cardiometabolic and respiratory diseases attributable to secondhand smoke exposure: Insights from the global burden of disease study 2021.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2025Article
- Second-hand smoke exposure level in the household increases risk of chest pain and wheezing: evidence from Qatar biobank.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Exploring stroke risk factors in different genders using Bayesian networks: a cross-sectional study involving a population of 134,382.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Second hand smoke attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Healthy lifestyles are associated with alleviating the single-nucleotide polymorphism-based genetic risks of ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage and myocardial infarction.Stroke and vascular neurology · 2025Article
- 2025 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.Circulation · 2025Review
- Trends in the prevalence and factors associated with indoor smoking in 24 countries Party to the WHO FCTC: implications for equitable policy implementation.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Association of exposure to second-hand smoke during childhood with blood DNA methylation.Environment international · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSecond-hand smoke (SHS) is the most important contaminant of indoor air in first world countries. The risks associated with SHS exposure are highly relevant, because many people are regularly, and usually involuntarily, exposed to SHS. This study aims to quantify the effects of SHS exposure. Therefore, its impact on ischaemic heart diseases (IHD), chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) and stroke will be considered.
methodsA systematic literature review was conducted to identify articles dealing with the association between SHS and the three outcomes IHD, COPD and stroke. Overall, 24 articles were included in a meta-analysis using a random effects model. Effect sizes stratified for sex and for both sexes combined were calculated.
resultsThe synthesis of primary studies revealed significant effect sizes for the association between SHS exposure and all three outcomes. The highest RR for both sexes combined was found for COPD (RR = 1.66, 95 % CI: 1.38-2.00). The RR for both sexes combined was 1.35 (95 % CI: 1.22-1.50) for stroke and 1.27 (95 % CI: 1.10-1.48) for IHD. The risks were higher in women than in men for all three outcomes.
conclusionsThis is the first study to calculate effect sizes for the association between SHS exposure and the disease outcomes IHD, COPD, and stroke at once. Overall, the effect sizes are comparable with previous findings in meta-analyses and therefore assumed to be reliable. The results indicate the high relevance of public health campaigns and legislation to protect non-smokers from the adverse health effects attributable to SHS exposure.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.