ArticlePloS one2015
Argon Mediates Anti-Apoptotic Signaling and Neuroprotection via Inhibition of Toll-Like Receptor 2 and 4.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Medical Gas Therapy for Tissue, Organ, and CNS Protection: A Systematic Review of Effects, Mechanisms, and Challenges.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2022Pooled it
- Neuroprotective effects of noble gases following acquired brain injury: a narrative review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Positive Neuroprotective Effect of Argon Inhalation after Photochemically Induced Ischemic Stroke Model in Rats.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2023Article
- Review
- Are Protein Cavities and Pockets Commonly Used by Redox Active Signalling Molecules?Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Argon preconditioning protects neuronal cells with a Toll-like receptor-mediated effect.Neural regeneration research · 2023Article
- Article
- Noble gas and neuroprotection: From bench to bedside.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Argon Inhalation for 24 h After Closed-Head Injury Does not Improve Recovery, Neuroinflammation, or Neurologic Outcome in Mice.Neurocritical care · 2021Article
- Argon Attenuates Multiorgan Failure in Relation with HMGB1 Inhibition.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Argon reduces microglial activation and inflammatory cytokine expression in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.Neural regeneration research · 2021Article
- Ventilation With Argon Improves Survival With Good Neurological Recovery After Prolonged Untreated Cardiac Arrest in Pigs.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2020Article
- Update of the organoprotective properties of xenon and argon: from bench to beside.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2020Review
- Argon Inhalation for 24 Hours After Onset of Permanent Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats Provides Neuroprotection and Improves Neurologic Outcome.Critical care medicine · 2019Article
- Post-stroke treatment with argon attenuated brain injury, reduced brain inflammation and enhanced M2 microglia/macrophage polarization: a randomized controlled animal study.Critical care (London, England) · 2019Article
- Argon reduces the pulmonary vascular tone in rats and humans by GABA-receptor activation.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Intrarenal Toll-like receptor 4 and Toll-like receptor 2 expression correlates with injury in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2018Article
- Argon attenuates multiorgan failure following experimental aortic cross-clamping.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2018Article
- Eruca sativa seed extract: A novel natural product able to counteract neuroinflammation.Molecular medicine reports · 2018Article
- Understanding the Role of Innate Immunity in the Response to Intracortical Microelectrodes.Critical reviews in biomedical engineering · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeRecently, the noble gas argon attracted significant attention due to its neuroprotective properties. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still poorly understood. There is growing evidence that the extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) is involved in Argon´s protective effect. We hypothesized that argon mediates its protective effects via the upstream located toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4.
methodsApoptosis in a human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) was induced using rotenone. Argon treatment was performed after induction of apoptosis with different concentrations (25, 50 and 75 Vol% in oxygen 21 Vol%, carbon dioxide and nitrogen) for 2 or 4 hours respectively. Apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytometry (annexin-V (AV)/propidiumiodide (PI)) staining, caspase-3 activity and caspase cleavage. TLR density on the cells' surface was analyzed using FACS and immunohistochemistry. Inhibition of TLR signaling and extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) were assessed by western blot, activity assays and FACS analysis.
resultsArgon 75 Vol% treatment abolished rotenone-induced apoptosis. This effect was attenuated dose- and time-dependently. Argon treatment was accompanied with a significant reduction of TLR2 and TLR4 receptor density and protein expression. Moreover, argon mediated increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation was attenuated after inhibition of TLR signaling. ERK1/2 and TLR signaling inhibitors abolished the anti-apoptotic and cytoprotective effects of argon. Immunohistochemistry results strengthened these findings.
conclusionThese findings suggest that argon-mediated anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects are mediated via inhibition of TLR2 and TLR4.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.