Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26621708›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2016

Human-specific derived alleles of CD33 and other genes protect against postreproductive cognitive decline.

Flavio Schwarz, Stevan A Springer, Tasha K Altheide, Nissi M Varki, Pascal Gagneux, Ajit Varki

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
42citing papers in PubMed
5.1field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

42 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Alzheimer's disease protective allele ofmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Maximum reproductive lifespan correlates with CD33rSIGLEC gene number: Implications for NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species in aging.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2020
    Article
  16. Article
  17. THE EXPOSOME IN HUMAN EVOLUTION: FROM DUST TO DIESEL.The Quarterly review of biology · 2019
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Flavio SchwarzCenter for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;
Stevan A SpringerCenter for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;
Tasha K AltheideCenter for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;
Nissi M VarkiCenter for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.
Pascal GagneuxCenter for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 a1varki@ucsd.edu pgagneux@ucsd.edu.
Ajit VarkiCenter for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093; a1varki@ucsd.edu pgagneux@ucsd.edu.
University of California, San Diego · US

Funding

Siglec Modulation of Inflammatory ResponsesP01HL107150 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI LE, DZUNG T · 2011 to 2017
$18.0M
Glycan Diversity and Anti-Glycan Antibodies as Barriers to Gene FlowR01GM095882 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI GAGNEUX, PASCAL · 2011 to 2015
$1.4M
NHLBI NIH HHS P01 HL107150NHLBI NIH HHS P01HL107150NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM095882NIGMS NIH HHS R01GM095882
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The individuals of most vertebrate species die when they can no longer reproduce. Humans are a rare exception, having evolved a prolonged postreproductive lifespan. Elders contribute to cooperative offspring care, assist in foraging, and communicate important ecological and cultural knowledge, increasing the survival of younger individuals. Age-related deterioration of cognitive capacity in humans compromises these benefits and also burdens the group with socially costly members. We investigated the contribution of the immunoregulatory receptor CD33 to a uniquely human postreproductive disease, Alzheimer's dementia. Surprisingly, even though selection at advanced age is expected to be weak, a CD33 allele protective against Alzheimer's disease is derived and unique to humans and favors a functional molecular state of CD33 resembling that of the chimpanzee. Thus, derived alleles may be compensatory and restore interactions altered as a consequence of human-specific brain evolution. We found several other examples of derived alleles at other human loci that protect against age-related cognitive deterioration arising from neurodegenerative disease or cerebrovascular insufficiency. Selection by inclusive fitness may be strong enough to favor alleles protecting specifically against cognitive decline in postreproductive humans. Such selection would operate by maximizing the contributions of postreproductive individuals to the fitness of younger kin.

Indexed as

Genetic FitnessAllelesAlternative SplicingAlzheimer DiseaseAnimalsApolipoproteins EBiological EvolutionBrainCerebrovascular DisordersCognition DisordersFertilityGenetic LociHumansPan troglodytesSelection, GeneticSialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3Apolipoproteins ECD33 protein, humanSialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3Alzheimer’s diseaseCD33cognitive capacitypostreproductive lifespanSiglec

Identifiers

PMID26621708
PMCPMC4711857
OpenAlexW2187949133

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.