ArticleThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2016
The Association of Cytokines and Micronutrients with Hepatitis E Virus Infection During Pregnancy and the Postpartum Period in Rural Bangladesh.
Article in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Seroprevalence of hepatitis E in general, hepatic, and pregnant populations in Nepal, Bangladesh, and Pakistan: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Virology journal · 2025Pooled it
- A tightly clustered hepatitis E virus genotype 1a is associated with endemic and outbreak infections in Bangladesh.PloS one · 2021Trial
- Antenatal Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation Compared to Iron-Folic Acid Affects Micronutrient Status but Does Not Eliminate Deficiencies in a Randomized Controlled Trial Among Pregnant Women of Rural Bangladesh.The Journal of nutrition · 2019Trial
- Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Pregnant Women.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Antiviral potential of zinc ion: mechanisms and applications in viral infections.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Role of viral hepatitis in pregnancy and its triggering mechanism.Journal of translational internal medicine · 2024Article
- Hepatitis E associated determinants and diagnostic biomarkers during pregnancy and its prenatal consequences in Multan, Punjab tertiary care setting (Pakistan).American journal of translational research · 2024Article
- Biological Mechanisms in Pregnant Women With Anxiety (Happy Mother-Healthy Baby Supplement Study): Protocol for a Longitudinal Mixed Methods Observational Study.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- Setting a Course for Preventing Hepatitis E in Low and Lower-Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review of Burden and Risk Factors.Open forum infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Hepatitis E virus infection during pregnancy.Virology journal · 2020Review
- Clinical Manifestations, Pathogenesis and Treatment of Hepatitis E Virus Infections.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Review
- Article
- Epidemiology of Genotype 1 and 2 Hepatitis E Virus Infections.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2019Review
- Use of Pathogen-Specific Antibody Biomarkers to Estimate Waterborne Infections in Population-Based Settings.Current environmental health reports · 2016Review
- Hepatitis E Pathogenesis.Viruses · 2016Review
- Arsenic exposure and hepatitis E virus infection during pregnancy.Environmental research · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is severe during pregnancy, with a pregnant case fatality rate around 30%. In Bangladesh, plasma samples from 1,100 women during the first trimester (TM) and third TM of pregnancy and 3 months postpartum (PP) were tested for anti-HEV IgG. During this time, 40 women developed antibody responses to HEV. These seroconverters are classified as the cases (incidence = 46 infections per 1,000 person-years). All except one seroconversion occurred between the third TM and 3 months PP. The cases and 40 matched non-seroconverters (controls) underwent analysis of a panel of 10 cytokines, 12 vitamins and minerals, and two markers of inflammation. Throughout pregnancy, seroconverting cases displayed higher concentrations of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines compared with the non-seroconverting controls, even prior to infection. In the first TM, seroconverters had lower circulating zinc concentrations (P = 0.03), an increased prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)2D] < 50 nmol/L, P = 0.08), and anemia (hemoglobin < 110 g/L, P = 0.05) compared with controls. There were no differences in C-reactive protein or α-1-acid glycoprotein. Antecedent micronutrient deficiencies may lead to dysregulated cytokine expression and immunologic compromise, increasing the risk of HEV infection, especially during pregnancy. This exploratory analysis reveals potential novel associations that deserve further study.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.