SynthesisThe international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity2015
Independent and combined effects of physical activity and body mass index on the development of Type 2 Diabetes - a meta-analysis of 9 prospective cohort studies.
Synthesis in The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early effective intervention can significantly reduce all-cause mortality in prediabetic patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on high-quality clinical studies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- Association of weight status and the risks of diabetes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of physical activity promotion on adiponectin, leptin and other inflammatory markers in prediabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Acta diabetologica · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Global Diabetes Prevention Interventions: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of the Real-World Impact on Incidence, Weight, and Glucose.Diabetes care · 2018Pooled it
- The 2017 Dutch Physical Activity Guidelines.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2018Pooled it
- Reciprocal within-day associations between incidental affect and exercise: An EMA study.Psychology & health · 2018Trial
- Age-Specific Associations of Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity With Relative and Absolute Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in UK Biobank Participants.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Insufficient physical activity and diabetes mellitus prevalence in Iran: an estimated population attributable fraction analysis using STEPS 2021 data.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Causal analysis of traditional and environmental risk factors for long-term development of type 2 diabetes using a conditional survival Bayesian network: evidence from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Risk of Type 2 Diabetes According to Body Mass Index, Television Viewing Time, and Their Combination in the Japanese Population: Findings From the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study.Journal of obesity · 2026Article
- Correlation between circulating microRNAs and vascular biomarkers in type 2 diabetes based upon physical activity: a biochemical analytic study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Observational
- Joint Effects of Physical Activity and Body Mass Index on Prevalent Diabetes in a Nationally Representative Sample of 1.9 Million US Adults.Journal of diabetes research · 2025Article
- The effects of physical inactivity on other risk factors for chronic disease: A systematic review of reviews.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Review
- Association between walking pace and incident type 2 diabetes by adiposity level: A prospective cohort study from the UK Biobank.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2023Article
- Association of ideal cardiovascular health metrics and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus among an urban population of Iran: One decade follow up in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2022Article
- Article
- Replacing Sedentary Time with Physically Active Behaviour Predicts Improved Body Composition and Metabolic Health Outcomes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- In vitro toxic interaction of arsenic and hyperglycemia in mitochondria: an important implication of increased vulnerability in pre-diabetics.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Occupational and domestic physical activity and diabetes risk in adults: Results from a long-term follow-up cohort.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 8 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe aim of this harmonized meta-analysis was to examine the independent and combined effects of physical activity and BMI on the incidence of type 2 diabetes.
methodsOur systematic literature review in 2011 identified 127 potentially relevant prospective studies of which 9 fulfilled the inclusion criteria (total N = 117,878, 56.2 % female, mean age = 50.0 years, range = 25-65 years). Measures of baseline physical activity (low, intermediate, high), BMI-category [BMI < 18.4 (underweight), 18.5-24.9 (normal weight), 25.0-29.9 (overweight), 30+ (obese)] and incident type 2 diabetes were harmonized across studies. The associations between physical activity, BMI and incident type 2 diabetes were analyzed using Cox regression with a standardized analysis protocol including adjustments for age, gender, educational level, and smoking. Hazard ratios from individual studies were combined in a random-effects meta-analysis.
resultsMean follow-up time was 9.1 years. A total of 11,237 incident type 2 diabetes cases were recorded. In mutually adjusted models, being overweight or obese (compared with normal weight) and having low physical activity (compared with high physical activity) were associated with an increased risk of incident type 2 diabetes (hazard ratios 2.33, 95 % CI 1.95-2.78; 6.10, 95 % CI: 4.63-8.04, and 1.23, 95 % CI: 1.09-1.39, respectively). Individuals who were both obese and had low physical activity had 7.4-fold (95 % CI 3.47-15.89) increased risk of type 2 diabetes compared with normal weight, high physically active participants.
conclusionsThis harmonized meta-analysis shows the importance of maintaining a healthy weight and being physically active in diabetes prevention.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.