ArticleCornea2016
Comparison of the Efficacy of Fluorometholone With and Without Benzalkonium Chloride in Ocular Surface Disease.
Article in Cornea, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global research hotspots and trends in anti-inflammatory studies in dry eye: a bibliometric analysis (2004-2024).Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- The Efficacy and Safety of Qiming Granule for Dry Eye Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- Drug-free hyaluronic acid-microneedle with unexpected inhibition activity on benzalkonium chloride-induced corneal inflammation and stromal scarring.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Topical Ocular Drug Delivery: The Impact of Permeation Enhancers.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Exosomal miR-223-3p Alleviates Ocular Surface Damage and Inflammation by Downregulating Fbxw7 in Dry Eye Models.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Benzalkonium chloride greatly deteriorates the biological activities of human corneal stroma fibroblasts in a concentration-dependent manner.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2024Article
- Evaluating GlicoPro Tear Substitute Derived fromJournal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Cord blood-derived biologics lead to robust axonal regeneration in benzalkonium chloride-injured mouse corneas by modulating the Il-17 pathway and neuropeptide Y.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Article
- Preserved Ophthalmic Anti-Allergy Medication in Cumulatively Increasing Risk Factors of Corneal Ectasia.Biology · 2023Review
- Safe and Effective Management of Dry Eye Symptoms with Hydroxypropyl Guar and Hyaluronic Acid Dual-Polymer Lubricating Eye Drops: A Review of Preclinical and Clinical Studies.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Review
- Therapeutic Effects ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Benzalkonium Chloride, Even at Low Concentrations, Deteriorates Intracellular Metabolic Capacity in Human Conjunctival Fibroblasts.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Ocular benzalkonium chloride exposure: problems and solutions.Eye (London, England) · 2022Review
- Role of CD4+ T Helper Cells in the Development of BAC-Induced Dry Eye Syndrome in Mice.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Article
- Mitochondrial Dysfunctions May Be One of the Major Causative Factors Underlying Detrimental Effects of Benzalkonium Chloride.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2020Article
- The use of preservatives in dry eye drops.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2019Article
- A Comparison of the Effects of Benzalkonium Chloride on Ocular Surfaces between C57BL/6 and BALB/c Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Article
- The neuroprotective effect of staurosporine on mouse retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve injury.International journal of clinical and experimental pathology · 2017Article
- Comparison of fibrin glue and Vicryl sutures in conjunctival autografting for pterygium surgery.Molecular vision · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe purpose of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity and antiinflammatory effect of preserved and unpreserved 0.1% fluorometholone (FML).
methodsDrug-induced morphological changes and cytotoxicity were examined in human corneal epithelial cells. Dry eye was induced in mice by treatment with 0.2% benzalkonium chloride (BAC) for the first 2 weeks, and then, the eyes (4 groups; Normal saline, BAC, preserved FML, and unpreserved FML) were treated thrice daily with each formulation for the next 2 weeks. Corneal tissues were embedded in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histopathological examination. Immunofluorescence staining was performed for tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and human leukocyte antigen-DR. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay was performed to evaluate drug-induced cytotoxicity.
resultsBAC and preserved FML caused cell shrinkage and detachment from the plate in a dose-dependent manner, and cell viability decreased significantly. However, cytotoxicity was reduced on treatment with unpreserved FML. Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed surface desquamation, irregular surface, loss of cell borders, and stromal shrinkage in the group treated with BAC. On BAC exposure, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and human leukocyte antigen-DR were strongly detected, and cytotoxicity was markedly increased, as evidenced by a positive result in the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. Ocular surface damage and inflammation were slightly reduced on treatment with preserved FML. In comparison, unpreserved FML did not induce morphological changes; moreover, decreased cell cytotoxicity and ocular surface inflammation were observed.
conclusionsThe cytotoxicity of antiinflammatory eye drops evaluated in this study was induced by the preservative BAC. Accordingly, unpreserved FML is more effective than preserved eye drops in decreasing ocular inflammation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.