Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26618847›Full record

ArticleJournal of public health management and practice : JPHMP

Update on Performance in Tobacco Control: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Impact of Tobacco Control Policy and the US Adult Smoking Rate, 2011-2013.

Emily M Mader, Brittany Lapin, Brianna J Cameron, Thomas A Carr, Christopher P Morley

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of public health management and practice : JPHMP. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Emily M MaderDepartments of Family Medicine (Mss Mader and Cameron and Dr Morley), Public Health and Preventive Medicine (Ms Cameron and Dr Morley), and Psychiatry (Dr Morley), SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York; Research Institute, Center for Biomedical Research Informatics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois (Dr Lapin); and American Lung Association National Headquarters, Washington, District of Columbia (Mr Carr).
Brittany Lapin
Brianna J Cameron
Thomas A Carr
Christopher P Morley

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextTobacco use remains the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. States and municipalities have instituted a variety of tobacco control measures (TCMs) to address the significant impact tobacco use has on population health. The American Lung Association annually grades state performance of tobacco control using the State of Tobacco Control grading framework.

objectiveTo gain an updated understanding of how recent efforts in tobacco control have impacted tobacco use across the United States, using yearly State of Tobacco Control TCM assessments.

designThe independent TCM variables of smoke-free air score, cessation score, excise tax, and percentage of recommended funding were selected from the American Lung Association State of Tobacco Control reports. Predictors of adult smoking rates were determined by a mixed-effects model. SETTING/

participantsThe 50 US states and District of Columbia.

main outcome measureAdult smoking rate in each state from 2011 to 2013.

resultsThe average adult smoking rate decreased significantly from 2011 to 2013 (21.3% [SD: 3.5] to 19.3% [SD: 3.5], P = .016). All forms of TCMs varied widely in implementation levels across states. Excise taxes (β = -.812, P = .006) and smoke-free air regulations (β = -.057, P = .008) were significant, negative predictors of adult smoking. Cessation services (β = .015, P = .46) did not have a measurable effect on adult smoking.

conclusionTobacco control measures with the strongest influence on adult smoking include the state excise tax and state smoke-free air regulations. The lack of robust funding for tobacco cessation services across the majority of US states highlights an important shortfall in current tobacco control policy.

Indexed as

Health BehaviorHumansLongitudinal StudiesMinority GroupsNicotianaSmoke-Free PolicySmokingTaxesTobacco IndustryTobacco SmokingUnited States

Identifiers

PMID26618847
PMCPMC5035147

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.