ArticlePloS one2015
Exposure to Palladium Nanoparticles Affects Serum Levels of Cytokines in Female Wistar Rats.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Biological synthesis of hybrid silver nanoparticles byFrontiers in chemistry · 2022Article
- Exposure of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana B.) to silver nanoparticles in vitro: transport and accumulation.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Novel Nanoparticulate and Ionic Titanium Antigens for Hypersensitivity Testing.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Article
- Nanoparticle Exposure and Hormetic Dose-Responses: An Update.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Palladium Nanoparticles: Toxicological Effects and Potential Implications for Occupational Risk Assessment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- High-Precision Photothermal Ablation Using Biocompatible Palladium Nanoparticles and Laser Scanning Microscopy.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2018Article
- ROS-Mediated Apoptosis and Genotoxicity Induced by Palladium Nanoparticles in Human Skin Malignant Melanoma Cells.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInformation currently available on the impact of palladium on the immune system mainly derives from studies assessing the biological effects of palladium salts. However, in the last years, there has been a notable increase in occupational and environmental levels of fine and ultrafine palladium particles released from automobile catalytic converters, which may play a role in palladium sensitization. In this context, the evaluation of the possible effects exerted by palladium nanoparticles (Pd-NPs) on the immune system is essential to comprehensively assess palladium immunotoxic potential.
aimTherefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Pd-NPs on the immune system of female Wistar rats exposed to this xenobiotic for 14 days, by assessing possible quantitative changes in a number of cytokines: IL-1α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, GM-CSF, INF-γ and TNF-α.
methodsTwenty rats were randomly divided into four exposure groups and one of control. Animals were given a single tail vein injection of vehicle (control group) and different concentrations of Pd-NPs (0.012, 0.12, 1.2 and 12 μg/kg). A multiplex biometric enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to evaluate cytokine serum levels.
resultsThe mean serum concentrations of all cytokines decreased after the administration of 0.012 μg/kg of Pd-NPs, whereas exceeded the control levels at higher exposure doses. The highest concentration of Pd-NPs (12 μg/kg) induced a significant increase of IL-1α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, GM-CSF and INF-γ compared to controls. DISCUSSION AND
conclusionsThese results demonstrated that Pd-NP exposure can affect the immune response of rats inducing a stimulatory action that becomes significant at the highest administered dose. Our findings did not show an imbalance between cytokines produced by CD4+ T helper (Th) cells 1 and 2, thus suggesting a generalized stimulation of the immune system with a simultaneous activation and polarization of the naïve T cells towards Th1 and Th2 phenotype.
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