ArticleFrontiers in behavioral neuroscience2015
Environmental Enrichment Increases Glucocorticoid Receptors and Decreases GluA2 and Protein Kinase M Zeta (PKMζ) Trafficking During Chronic Stress: A Protective Mechanism?
Article in Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bored at home?-A systematic review on the effect of environmental enrichment on the welfare of laboratory rats and mice.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Pooled it
- Pre-treatment with royal jelly, environmental enrichment, and their combination role in stress induced neurobehavioral deficits in male rats.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
- Functional loss of PKMζ in the dorsal hippocampus potentiates the time-dependent increase in false contextual fear memory and impairs spatial recognition memory in mice.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- Glucocorticoids, their uses, sexual dimorphisms, and diseases: new concepts, mechanisms, and discoveries.Physiological reviews · 2024Review
- Environment Enrichment Facilitates Long-Term Memory Consolidation through Behavioral Tagging.eNeuro · 2023Article
- Net gain and loss: influence of natural rewards and drugs of abuse on perineuronal nets.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Review
- Involvement of PKMζ in Stress Response and Depression.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Differential impact of stress and environmental enrichment on corticolimbic circuits.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2020Review
- Persistence of learning-induced synapses depends on neurotrophic priming of glucocorticoid receptors.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
- Neurobiology of maternal regulation of infant fear: the role of mesolimbic dopamine and its disruption by maltreatment.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2019Article
- Contextual fear memory modulates PSD95 phosphorylation, AMPAr subunits, PKMζ and PI3K differentially between adult and juvenile rats.Neurobiology of stress · 2019Article
- Developmental transitions in amygdala PKC isoforms and AMPA receptor expression associated with threat memory in infant rats.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Protein kinase Mζ in medial prefrontal cortex mediates depressive-like behavior and antidepressant response.Molecular psychiatry · 2018Article
- Developmental origins of cardiovascular disease: Impact of early life stress in humans and rodents.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2017Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE) housing paradigms have long been shown beneficial for brain function involving neural growth and activity, learning and memory capacity, and for developing stress resiliency. The expression of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor subunit GluA2, which is important for synaptic plasticity and memory, is increased with corticosterone (CORT), undermining synaptic plasticity and memory. Thus, we determined the effect of EE and stress on modulating GluA2 expression in Sprague-Dawley male rats. Several markers were evaluated which include: plasma CORT, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), GluA2, and the atypical protein kinase M zeta (PKMζ). For 1 week standard-(ST) or EE-housed animals were treated with one of the following four conditions: (1) no stress; (2) acute stress (forced swim test, FST; on day 7); (3) chronic restraint stress (6 h/day for 7 days); and (4) chronic + acute stress (restraint stress 6 h/day for 7 days + FST on day 7). Hippocampi were collected on day 7. Our results show that EE animals had reduced time immobile on the FST across all conditions. After chronic + acute stress EE animals showed increased GR levels with no change in synaptic GluA2/PKMζ. ST-housed animals showed the reverse pattern with decreased GR levels and a significant increase in synaptic GluA2/PKMζ. These results suggest that EE produces an adaptive response to chronic stress allowing for increased GR levels, which lowers neuronal excitability reducing GluA2/PKMζ trafficking. We discuss this EE adaptive response to stress as a potential underlying mechanism that is protective for retaining synaptic plasticity and memory function.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.