ArticleInfection ecology & epidemiology2015
The consequences of human actions on risks for infectious diseases: a review.
Article in Infection ecology & epidemiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 129 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
129 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review of infectious disease outbreaks and violence against women and girls: changes in magnitude, mechanisms and lessons for the future.BMJ global health · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis on prevalence and distribution of Taenia and Echinococcus infections in Ethiopia.Parasites & vectors · 2021Pooled it
- Agricultural land-uses consistently exacerbate infectious disease risks in Southeast Asia.Nature communications · 2019Pooled it
- Using a digital health tool to strengthen community engagement in arboviral disease prevention: an implementation study in Colombia.BMC public health · 2026Trial
- Climate change and antimicrobial resistance.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Core-Shell Plasmonic Nanocomposites with Synergistic Photothermal and Photochemical Activity for Biomedical Applications.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- High-throughput LacZ/CPRG assay for identifying Gram-negative envelope-targeting antibiotics.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Governing One Health under climate pressure: policy implementation in Botswana.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Antiviral Inactivated Vaccines: Looking to the Past to Face the Future-A Narrative Review.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Postbiotics of Marine Origin and Their Therapeutic Application.Marine drugs · 2025Review
- Yeast Diversity on Sandy Lake Beaches Used for Recreation in Olsztyn, Poland.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Prevalence and diversity of Helicobacter species in captive wild carnivores, and their implications for conservation management of endangered species.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Climate Change and the Rise of Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases in Africa: A Literature Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Review
- The effect of sample type and location on industrial workplace sink and hand dryer microbiomes.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Socio-economic status is a social construct with heritable components and genetic consequences.Nature human behaviour · 2025Review
- (Re)Emerging Arboviruses of Public Health Significance in the Brazilian Amazon.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Analyzing determinants of social practices in infectious diseases among Indigenous and Afro-Colombian communities: A participatory diagnosis of malaria, tuberculosis, and leishmaniasis in Colombia.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Preparedness of the Local Population for the Uptake of Artificial Intelligence and Digital One Health for Home Healthcare of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases in Southwest and Littoral Regions of Cameroon.Journal of tropical medicine · 2025Article
- Simultaneous infestations in dogs by different tick species (Acari: Ixodidae) in two areas of the Western Brazilian Amazon.Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Orgao Oficial do Colegio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria · 2025Article
69 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The human population is growing, requiring more space for food production, and needing more animals to feed it. Emerging infectious diseases are increasing, causing losses in both human and animal lives, as well as large costs to society. Many factors are contributing to disease emergence, including climate change, globalization and urbanization, and most of these factors are to some extent caused by humans. Pathogens may be more or less prone to emergence in themselves, and rapidly mutating viruses are more common among the emerging pathogens. The climate-sensitive vector-borne diseases are likely to be emerging due to climate changes and environmental changes, such as increased irrigation. This review lists the factors within pathogens that make them prone to emergence, and the modes of transmission that are affected. The anthropogenic changes contributing to disease emergence are described, as well as how they directly and indirectly cause either increased numbers of susceptible or exposed individuals, or cause increased infectivity. Many actions may have multiple direct or indirect effects, and it may be difficult to assess what the consequences may be. In addition, most anthropogenic drivers are related to desired activities, such as logging, irrigation, trade, and travelling, which the society is requiring. It is important to research more about the indirect and direct effects of the different actions to understand both the benefits and the risks.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.