Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26615177›Full record

ArticleSystematic biology2016

Maximum Likelihood Phylogenetic Inference is Consistent on Multiple Sequence Alignments, with or without Gaps.

Jakub Truszkowski, Nick Goldman

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Systematic biology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. An Introduction to Structural Phylogenetics for Biomedical Sciences.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026
    Article
  3. Protein Structural Phylogenetics.Genome biology and evolution · 2025
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
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  14. Article
  15. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Jakub TruszkowskiEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK jakubt@ebi.ac.uk.
Nick GoldmanEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, UK;

Funding

Cancer Research UK
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We prove that maximum likelihood phylogenetic inference is consistent on gapped multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) as long as substitution rates across each edge are greater than zero, under mild assumptions on the structure of the alignment. Under these assumptions, maximum likelihood will asymptotically recover the tree with edge lengths corresponding to the mean number of substitutions per site on each edge. This refutes Warnow's recent suggestion (Warnow 2012) that maximum likelihood phylogenetic inference might be statistically inconsistent when gaps are treated as missing data, even if the MSA is correct. We also derive a simple new proof of maximum likelihood consistency of ungapped alignments.

Indexed as

Computer SimulationPhylogenySequence AlignmentClassificationKullback–Leibler divergencemaximum likelihoodmissing datamultiple sequence alignmentphylogeny

Identifiers

PMID26615177
PMCPMC4748752

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.