Trial reportInternational journal of hygiene and environmental health2016
Association of Carbon Monoxide exposure with blood pressure among pregnant women in rural Ghana: Evidence from GRAPHS.
Trial report in International journal of hygiene and environmental health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Health risks associated with the production and usage of charcoal: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2023Pooled it
- Exposure to Wood Smoke and Associated Health Effects in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review.Annals of global health · 2020Pooled it
- Household air pollution exposures over pregnancy and maternal blood pressure trajectories through 8 years postpartum: Evidence from the Ghana Randomized Air Pollution and Health Study (GRAPHS).Environmental research · 2026Trial
- Household air pollution and blood pressure among adult women participants of the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial: An exposure-response analysis.Environmental research · 2025Trial
- Using time-resolved monitor wearing data to study the effect of clean cooking interventions on personal air pollution exposures.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2023Trial
- Cross-sectional analysis of the association between personal exposure to household air pollution and blood pressure in adult women: Evidence from the multi-country Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial.Environmental research · 2022Trial
- Effects of a Liquefied Petroleum Gas Stove Intervention on Gestational Blood Pressure: Intention-to-Treat and Exposure-Response Findings From the HAPIN Trial.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2022Trial
- Association between personal exposure to household air pollution and gestational blood pressure among women using solid cooking fuels in rural Tamil Nadu, India.Environmental research · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Effects of a Household Air Pollution Intervention with Liquefied Petroleum Gas on Cardiopulmonary Outcomes in Peru. A Randomized Controlled Trial.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2021Trial
- Prevalence of hypertension and cross-sectional associations between household air pollution exposure and blood pressure among children in rural Rwanda.Environmental research, health : ERH · 2026Article
- Household energy use and health in low-income and middle-income countries.The Lancet. Global health · 2026Review
- Liquefied Petroleum Gas or Biomass for Cooking and Effects on Blood Pressure: Results from the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) Trial.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Burning health inequity: blood pressure effects of household cooking with solid fuels among Chinese women.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Geospatial determinants of maternal and child exposure to fine particulate matter in Kintampo, Ghana: Levels within the household and community, by surrounding building density and near roadways.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2024Article
- How Can Outdoor Air Pollutants Adversely Affect the Women's Fertility? Systematic Review.Advanced biomedical research · 2024Review
- Associations between Air Pollution Exposure and Blood Pressure during Pregnancy among PRINCESA Cohort Participants.Toxics · 2023Article
- Estimating long-term average household air pollution concentrations from repeated short-term measurements in the presence of seasonal trends and crossover.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2022Article
- Occupational Factors Affecting Women Workers' Sexual and Reproductive Health Outcomes in Oil, Gas, and Mining Industry: A Scoping Review.Public health reviews · 2022Article
- Prenatal household air pollutant exposure is associated with reduced size and gestational age at birth among a cohort of Ghanaian infants.Environment international · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveThe Ghana Randomized Air Pollution and Health Study (GRAPHS) is a community-level randomized-controlled trial of cookstove interventions for pregnant women and their newborns in rural Ghana. Given that household air pollution from biomass burning may be implicated in adverse cardiovascular outcomes, we sought to determine whether exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) from woodsmoke was associated with blood pressure (BP) among 817 adult women.
methodsMultivariate linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between CO exposure, determined with 72 hour personal monitoring at study enrollment, and BP, also measured at study enrollment. At the time of these assessments, women were in the first or second trimester of pregnancy.
resultsA significant positive association was found between CO exposure and diastolic blood pressure (DBP): on average, each 1 ppm increase in exposure to CO was associated with 0.43 mmHg higher DBP [0.01, 0.86]. A non-significant positive trend was also observed for systolic blood pressure (SBP).
conclusionThis study is one of very few to have examined the relationship between household air pollution and blood pressure among pregnant women, who are at particular risk for hypertensive complications. The results of this cross-sectional study suggest that household air pollution from wood-burning fires is associated with higher blood pressure, particularly DBP, in pregnant women at early to mid-gestation. The clinical implications of the observed association toward the eventual development of chronic hypertension and/or hypertensive complications of pregnancy remain uncertain, as few of the women were overtly hypertensive at this point in their pregnancies.
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