ArticleJournal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics2016
A population pharmacokinetic model for R- and S-citalopram and desmethylcitalopram in Alzheimer's disease patients with agitation.
Article in Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- R- and S-citalopram concentrations have differential effects on neuropsychiatric scores in elders with dementia and agitation.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2016Trial
- Depression in neurodegenerative disease: neurobiological mechanisms and emerging treatments.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Review
- Distribution of citalopram enantiomers following medication with racemic citalopram - a naturalistic therapeutic drug monitoring study.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Article
- Mood Altering Waters: Multidimensional Profiling and Chiral Characterization of Antidepressants in Effluent-Impacted Waterways.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Application of escitalopram population pharmacokinetic repository: a step to precision dosing.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- A Step Toward Precision Dosing of Escitalopram in Chinese Patients: An External Evaluation of Published Population Pharmacokinetic Models.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Article
- Escitalopram and Sertraline Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis in Pediatric Patients.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2023Article
- Escitalopram Personalized Dosing: A Population Pharmacokinetics Repository Method.Drug design, development and therapy · 2023Review
- Population pharmacokinetics model for escitalopram in Chinese psychiatric patients: effect of CYP2C19 and age.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Factors associated with fluoxetine and norfluoxetine plasma concentrations and clinical response in Mexican patients with mental disorders.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2021Article
- Escitalopram population pharmacokinetics in people living with human immunodeficiency virus and in the psychiatric population: Drug-drug interactions and probability of target attainment.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2019Observational
- A population approach to characterise amisulpride pharmacokinetics in older people and Alzheimer's disease.Psychopharmacology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 11 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The citalopram for Alzheimer's disease trial evaluated citalopram for the management for agitation in Alzheimer's disease patients. Sparse data was available from this elderly patient population. A nonlinear mixed effects population pharmacokinetic modeling approach was used to describe the pharmacokinetics of R- and S-citalopram and their primary metabolite (desmethylcitalopram). A structural model with 4 compartments (one compartment/compound) with linear oral absorption and elimination described the data adequately. Overall, the model showed that clearance of the R-enantiomer was slower than the clearance of the S-enantiomer. Without accounting for any patient-specific covariates, the population estimate of the metabolic clearance of citalopram was 8.6 (R-citalopram) and 14 L/h (S-citalopram). The population estimate of the clearance of desmethylcitalopram was 23.8 (R-Dcit) and 38.5 L/h (S-Dcit). Several patient-specific covariates were found to have a significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of R,S-citalopram and desmethylcitalopram. A significant difference in the metabolic clearance of R-citalopram between males and females (13 vs 9.05 L/h) was identified in this analysis. Both R- and S-citalopram metabolic clearance decreased with age. Additionally, consistent with literature reports S-citalopram metabolic clearance increased with increasing body weight and was significantly influenced by CYPC19 genotype, with a difference of 5.8 L/h between extensive/rapid and intermediate/poor metabolizers. R,S-desmethylcitalopram clearance increased with increasing body weight. This model may allow for the opportunity to delineate the effect of R- and S-citalopram on pharmacodynamics outcomes related to the management of agitation in Alzheimer's disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.