ArticleInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2016
Increased risk of A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza infection in UK pig industry workers compared to a general population cohort.
Article in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development of a Controlled-Dose Aerosol Challenge Method Using a Lung Fluid Quantitative Nebulizer.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Risk of Swine Influenza Virus Spillover at the Human-Swine Interface - a Scoping Review.International journal of public health · 2025Article
- Implications for influenza A virus surveillance in Southeast Asian Region countries: a scoping review of approaches for the surveillance of swine influenza viruses at human-swine interfaces.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- An Update in Knowledge of Pigs as the Source of Zoonotic Pathogens.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Human Immunity and Susceptibility to Influenza A(H3) Viruses of Avian, Equine, and Swine Origin.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Are pigs overestimated as a source of zoonotic influenza viruses?Porcine health management · 2022Review
- Current and prospective control strategies of influenza A virus in swine.Porcine health management · 2021Review
- A Comparative Study of Associated Microbiota Between Pig Farm and Pig Slaughterhouse in Guangdong, China.Current microbiology · 2020Article
- Detection of H1 Swine Influenza A Virus Antibodies in Human Serum Samples by Age GroupEmerging infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Timelines of infection and transmission dynamics of H1N1pdm09 in swine.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- A Single Amino Acid at Position 431 of the PB2 Protein Determines the Virulence of H1N1 Swine Influenza Viruses in Mice.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Interspecies Transmission of Reassortant Swine Influenza A Virus Containing Genes from Swine Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H1N2) Viruses.Emerging infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Bidirectional Human-Swine Transmission of Seasonal Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus in Pig Herd, France, 2018.Emerging infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Review
- Using oral fluids samples for indirect influenza A virus surveillance in farmed UK pigs.Veterinary medicine and science · 2017Article
- Are People Living Near Modern Swine Production Facilities at Increased Risk of Influenza Virus Infection?Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2016Article
- Increased risk of A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza infection in UK pig industry workers compared to a general population cohort.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPigs are mixing vessels for influenza viral reassortment, but the extent of influenza transmission between swine and humans is not well understood.
objectivesTo assess whether occupational exposure to pigs is a risk factor for human infection with human and swine-adapted influenza viruses.
methodsUK pig industry workers were frequency-matched on age, region, sampling month, and gender with a community-based comparison group from the Flu Watch study. HI assays quantified antibodies for swine and human A(H1) and A(H3) influenza viruses (titres ≥ 40 considered seropositive and indicative of infection). Virus-specific associations between seropositivity and occupational pig exposure were examined using multivariable regression models adjusted for vaccination. Pigs on the same farms were also tested for seropositivity.
resultsForty-two percent of pigs were seropositive to A(H1N1)pdm09. Pig industry workers showed evidence of increased odds of A(H1N1)pdm09 seropositivity compared to the comparison group, albeit with wide confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted odds ratio after accounting for possible cross-reactivity with other swine A(H1) viruses (aOR) 25·3, 95% CI (1·4-536·3), P = 0·028.
conclusionThe results indicate that A(H1N1)pdm09 virus was common in UK pigs during the pandemic and subsequent period of human A(H1N1)pdm09 circulation, and occupational exposure to pigs was a risk factor for human infection. Influenza immunisation of pig industry workers may reduce transmission and the potential for virus reassortment.
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