Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26611150›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2015

Polychromatic polarization microscope: bringing colors to a colorless world.

Michael Shribak

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Real-Time Ferroelectric Domain Wall Dynamics During Electric Poling and Depoling.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Polychromatic Polarization Microscopy Differentiates Collagen Fiber Signatures in Benign Pancreatic Tissue and Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. OnZooKeys · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. The common morphospeciesBelgian journal of zoology · 2023
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
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  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author.

Michael ShribakMarine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL St, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.

Funding

Orientation Independent DIC and Polarization MicroscopyR01GM101701 · NIGMS · MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY · PI SHRIBAK, MICHAEL · 2012 to 2020
$3.8M
NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM101701NIGMS NIH HHS R01-GM101701
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Interference of two combined white light beams produces Newton colors if one of the beams is retarded relative to the other by from 400 nm to 2000 nm. In this case the corresponding interfering spectral components are added as two scalars at the beam combination. If the retardance is below 400 nm the two-beam interference produces grey shades only. The interference colors are widely used for analyzing birefringent samples in mineralogy. However, many of biological structures have retardance <100 nm. Therefore, cells and tissues under a regular polarization microscope are seen as grey image, which contrast disappears at certain orientations. Here we are proposing for the first time using vector interference of polarized light in which the full spectrum colors are created at retardance of several nanometers, with the hue determined by orientation of the birefringent structure. The previously colorless birefringent images of organelles, cells, and tissues become vividly colored. This approach can open up new possibilities for the study of biological specimens with weak birefringent structures, diagnosing various diseases, imaging low birefringent crystals, and creating new methods for controlling colors of the light beam.

Indexed as

AnimalsBirefringenceBrainBreast NeoplasmsCollagenColorDiatomsEosine Yellowish-(YS)ErythrocytesFemaleHematoxylinHumansLightMiceMicroscopy, PolarizationPlasmodium yoeliiCollagenEosine Yellowish-(YS)Hematoxylin

Identifiers

PMID26611150
PMCPMC4661494

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.