ArticleBMJ open2015
Safety culture perceptions of pharmacists in Malaysian hospitals and health clinics: a multicentre assessment using the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire.
Article in BMJ open, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review: application of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) in primary care - a systematic synthesis on validity, descriptive and comparative results, and variance across organisational units.BMC primary care · 2024Pooled it
- Comparative Studies on Patient Safety Culture to Strengthen Health Systems Among Southeast Asian Countries.Frontiers in public health · 2020Pooled it
- Perception of patient safety culture among perioperative staff: exploring the roles of individual factors and organizational factors.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Measuring the patient safety climate in community pharmacies: an updated national survey.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Safety Culture Evaluation in Sarawak General Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Safety Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ).Risk management and healthcare policy · 2025Article
- What inhibits "speaking up" for patient safety among healthcare workers? A cross-sectional study in Malaysia.Human resources for health · 2024Article
- Perceptions of Patient Safety Culture among Triage Nurses in the Emergency Department: A Cross-Sectional Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Safety attitudes, burnout and well-being among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: an Indo-Pacific regional cross-sectional study.Singapore medical journal · 2023Article
- Impact of university students' awareness and attitudes on vaccination practices for human papillomavirus, and perception on self-sampling for cervical cancer screening.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2022Article
- Patient safety culture and its determinants among healthcare professionals at a cluster hospital in Malaysia: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Patient safety attitude among healthcare workers at different levels of healthcare in Sharqia Governorate, Egypt.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2022Article
- Community pharmacists' perceived value on precision medicine, desired training components, and exposure during pharmacy education: Malaysia's experience.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Perception of safety climate among Indonesian nurses: A cross-sectional survey.Journal of public health research · 2021Article
- The Effect of Occupational Stress on the Quality of Life of Pharmacists in Saudi Arabia.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2021Article
- Burnout and Associated Factors Among Health Care Workers in Singapore During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · 2020Article
- Arabic version of pharmacy survey on patient safety culture: Hospital pharmacy settings.SAGE open medicine · 2020Article
- The role of organizational and professional cultures in medication safety: a scoping review of the literature.International journal for quality in health care : journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care · 2019Article
- Evaluation of safety attitudes of hospitals and the effects of demographic factors on safety attitudes: a psychometric validation of the safety attitudes and safety climate questionnaire.BMC health services research · 2019Article
- Job satisfaction, work commitment and intention to leave among pharmacists: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2019Article
- A cross-sectional survey on patient safety culture in secondary hospitals of Northeast China.PloS one · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the safety attitudes of pharmacists, provide a profile of their domains of safety attitude and correlate their attitudes with self-reported rates of medication errors.
designA cross-sectional study utilising the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ).
setting3 public hospitals and 27 health clinics.
participants117 pharmacists.
main outcome measuresSafety culture mean scores, variation in scores across working units and between hospitals versus health clinics, predictors of safety culture, and medication errors and their correlation.
resultsResponse rate was 83.6% (117 valid questionnaires returned). Stress recognition (73.0±20.4) and working condition (54.8±17.4) received the highest and lowest mean scores, respectively. Pharmacists exhibited positive attitudes towards: stress recognition (58.1%), job satisfaction (46.2%), teamwork climate (38.5%), safety climate (33.3%), perception of management (29.9%) and working condition (15.4%). With the exception of stress recognition, those who worked in health clinics scored higher than those in hospitals (p<0.05) and higher scores (overall score as well as score for each domain except for stress recognition) correlated negatively with reported number of medication errors. Conversely, those working in hospital (versus health clinic) were 8.9 times more likely (p<0.01) to report a medication error (OR 8.9, CI 3.08 to 25.7). As stress recognition increased, the number of medication errors reported increased (p=0.023). Years of work experience (p=0.017) influenced the number of medication errors reported. For every additional year of work experience, pharmacists were 0.87 times less likely to report a medication error (OR 0.87, CI 0.78 to 0.98).
conclusionsA minority (20.5%) of the pharmacists working in hospitals and health clinics was in agreement with the overall SAQ questions and scales. Pharmacists in outpatient and ambulatory units and those in health clinics had better perceptions of safety culture. As perceptions improved, the number of medication errors reported decreased. Group-specific interventions that target specific domains are necessary to improve the safety culture.
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