ArticleJournal of intellectual disability research : JIDR2016
The emergence and stability of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in boys with fragile X syndrome.
Article in Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Towards an early differential diagnosis in autism spectrum disorders and fragile X syndrome. A systematic review].Revista de neurologia · 2022Pooled it
- Novel CTNNB1 Gene Variants in Spanish CTNNB1 Syndrome Patients: Clinical and Psychological Manifestations.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Planning for the Transition to Adulthood: Parent Perspectives on the Planning Process and Experiences of Young Adults with Fragile X Syndrome.Advances in neurodevelopmental disorders · 2026Article
- Intergenerational associations in inhibitory control inFrontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Behavioral and molecular insights into anxiety in ube3a and fmr1 zebrafish models of autism spectrum disorders.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Hypersensitivity to Distractors in Fragile X Syndrome from Loss of Modulation of Cortical VIP Interneurons.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023Article
- ADHD and ASD symptoms in young males with fragile X syndrome: associations with early trajectories of inhibitory control.Child neuropsychology : a journal on normal and abnormal development in childhood and adolescence · 2023Article
- Review
- Attention/Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adolescent and Young Adult Males With Fragile X Syndrome.American journal on intellectual and developmental disabilities · 2022Article
- Daily Living Skills in Adolescent and Young Adult Males With Fragile X Syndrome.American journal on intellectual and developmental disabilities · 2022Article
- Concurrent Associations between Expressive Language Ability and Independence in Adolescents and Adults with Fragile X Syndrome.Brain sciences · 2021Article
- Metformin treatment in young children with fragile X syndrome.Molecular genetics & genomic medicine · 2019Article
- Fragile X syndrome: a review of clinical and molecular diagnoses.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2017Review
- Updated report on tools to measure outcomes of clinical trials in fragile X syndrome.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2017Review
- Infant Temperament in theJournal of clinical child and adolescent psychology : the official journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChildren with fragile X syndrome (FXS) are at high risk for developing a range of behavioural disorders, including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, very few studies have investigated the comorbid profile of FXS and ADHD and the possible dissociation from the FXS and ASD profile. The present study examined the relationship of childhood temperament characteristics of the Surgency facet (activity level, impulsivity, approach, shyness, and smiling and laughter) and the severity of ADHD and ASD features at two measurement time points in childhood, preschool (ages 3-4) and at school entry (ages 5-6).
methodsThe study consisted of males with FXS measured at each time point (preschool and school entry), as well as comparison of typically developing (TD) boys at the preschool measurement time point. Parent reported measures of temperament and behavioural symptoms were collected at each time point. Multiple regression analyses were used to analyse obtained data.
resultsElevated activity level scores are associated with ADHD scores at preschool age and elevated shyness and decreased smiling and laughter are strongly associated with ADHD scores upon school entry. Impulsivity emerges as a strong indicator of elevated ADHD scores around school age, but even preschool impulsivity scores demonstrate some predictive value for higher ADHD scores later in school. Finally, no Surgency characteristic was significantly related to ASD scores at any age.
conclusionsImpulsivity serves as an indicator of elevated ADHD symptoms across development periods in boys with FXS, while activity level is just indicative of higher ADHD scores at the preschool age. The Surgency facet of temperament at either age does not predict strong relationships of comorbid pathologies of ADHD and ASD in FXS. However, Surgency characteristics may serve as informative discriminative factors when studying behavioural outcomes in boys with FXS.
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