ArticleToxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology2016
Classical and Alternative Activation of Cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sp. Lipopolysaccharide-Treated Rat Microglia in vitro.
Article in Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cyanobacterium Brasilonema sp. LPS Induces Neutrophil Infiltration and Lung Inflammation in a TLR4-Dependent Manner and Exacerbates Th2-Dependent Lung Inflammation.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Article
- Characterization of the inflammatory response of a canine intestinal epithelial cell line challenged with lipopolysaccharides and/or butyrate.Journal of animal science · 2026Article
- M2 Microglia-Derived Exosomal miR-144-5p Attenuates White Matter Injury in Preterm Infants by Regulating the PTEN/AKT Pathway Through KLF12.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Article
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- Nebivolol elicits a neuroprotective effect in the cuprizone model of multiple sclerosis in mice: emphasis on M1/M2 polarization and inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.Inflammopharmacology · 2022Article
- Lipopolysaccharide from the CyanobacteriumToxins · 2022Article
- Review of Cyanotoxicity Studies Based on Cell Cultures.Journal of toxicology · 2022Review
- Role of CXCL10 in Spinal Cord Injury.International journal of medical sciences · 2022Review
- Microglial cells: Sensors for neuronal activity and microbiota-derived molecules.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
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- Perinatal Gram-Positive Bacteria Exposure Elicits Distinct Cytokine Responses In Vitro.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Article
- Effect of Glycine on BV-2 Microglial Cells Treated with Interferon-γ and Lipopolysaccharide.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Lipopolysaccharides fromToxins · 2019Article
- Article
- Microglia: Housekeeper of the Central Nervous System.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2018Review
- Intravenous Administration of Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell, but not Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cell, Ameliorated the Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury by Changing Cerebral Inflammatory State in Rat.Frontiers in neurology · 2018Article
- Oxycodone ameliorates the inflammatory response induced by lipopolysaccharide in primary microglia.Journal of pain research · 2018Article
- Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that an in vitro exposure to cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sp. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) might result in classical and alternative activation of rat neonatal microglia. Using Escherichia coli LPS-primed microglia as a positive control, this study revealed that treatment of rat microglia with Oscillatoria sp. LPS for 17 h in vitro resulted in both classical and alternative activation as well as concomitant pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediator release, in a concentration-dependent manner: (1) treatment with 0.1-10 000 ng/ml Oscillatoria sp. LPS resulted in minimal lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) release, induced concentration-dependent and statistically significant O2 (-) generation, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) release, generation of the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2/CXCL2), interferon γ-induced protein 10 kDa (IP-10/CXCL-10), (MIP-1α/CCL3), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES/CCL5), and the alternative activation cytokine IL-10; (3) in contrast, treatment with 100 000 ng/ml Oscillatoria sp. LPS appeared to damage the microglia cell membrane, because it resulted in minimal O2 (-) generation, statistically significant LDH release, and a decrease in the generation of all the cytokines and chemokines investigated, with the exception of IL-1α and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant 1 (CINC-1/CXCL1) generation, which was increased. Thus, our results provide experimental support for our working hypothesis, namely that Oscillatoria sp. LPS induces classical and alternative activation of rat brain microglia in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner, namely 0.1-10 000 ng/ml Oscillatoria sp. LPS, when microglia cells were shown to be viable. Furthermore, should cyanobacterium Oscillatoria sp. LPS gain entry into the CNS, our findings suggest that classical and alternative activation of rat brain microglia in vivo, might lead to concomitant mediator release that could result in an interplay between neuroinflammation and neural repair in a concentration-dependent manner.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.