Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26608810›Full record

ArticleJournal of molecular biology2016

Direct Evidence for Packaging Signal-Mediated Assembly of Bacteriophage MS2.

Óttar Rolfsson, Stefani Middleton, Iain W Manfield, Simon J White, Baochang Fan, Robert Vaughan, Neil A Ranson, Eric Dykeman, Reidun Twarock, James Ford and 2 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of molecular biology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
65citing papers in PubMed
10.0field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

65 citing papers in PubMed, 102 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Chemical reviews · 2026
    Review
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  4. Pleomorphism in Wild-Type and Engineered PP7 Virus-Like Particles.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025
    Article
  5. Measuring the selective packaging of RNA molecules by viral coat proteins in cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Removal ofScience (New York, N.Y.) · 2024
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Isolation and grouping of RNA phages by Itaru Watanabe et al. (1967).Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and biological sciences · 2024
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Unraveling docking and initiation of mRNA export through the nuclear pore complex.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2022
    Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Óttar RolfssonAstbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
Stefani MiddletonDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; The Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Iain W ManfieldAstbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
Simon J WhiteAstbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
Baochang FanDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Robert VaughanDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Neil A RansonAstbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
Eric DykemanDepartment of Biology and Mathematics and York Centre for Complex Systems Analysis, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
Reidun TwarockDepartment of Biology and Mathematics and York Centre for Complex Systems Analysis, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
James FordThe Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
C Cheng KaoDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Peter G StockleyAstbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
Indiana University Bloomington · USUniversity of Leeds · GBUniversity of York · GB

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/J00667X/1Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/L022095/1Wellcome Trust 078113/Z/05/ZWellcome Trust 089311/Z/09/ZWellcome Trust 090932Wellcome Trust 090932/Z/09/ZWellcome Trust 110145/Z/15/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Using cross-linking coupled to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and CLIP-Seq sequencing, we determined the peptide and oligonucleotide sequences at the interfaces between the capsid proteins and the genomic RNA of bacteriophage MS2. The results suggest that the same coat protein (CP)-RNA and maturation protein (MP)-RNA interfaces are used in every viral particle. The portions of the viral RNA in contact with CP subunits span the genome, consistent with a large number of discrete and similar contacts within each particle. Many of these sites match previous predictions of the locations of multiple, dispersed and degenerate RNA sites with cognate CP affinity termed packaging signals (PSs). Chemical RNA footprinting was used to compare the secondary structures of protein-free genomic fragments and the RNA in the virion. Some PSs are partially present in protein-free RNA but others would need to refold from their dominant solution conformations to form the contacts identified in the virion. The RNA-binding peptides within the MP map to two sections of the N-terminal half of the protein. Comparison of MP sequences from related phages suggests a similar arrangement of RNA-binding sites, although these N-terminal regions have only limited sequence conservation. In contrast, the sequences of the C-termini are highly conserved, consistent with them encompassing pilin-binding domains required for initial contact with host cells. These results provide independent and unambiguous support for the assembly of MS2 virions via a PS-mediated mechanism involving a series of induced-fit viral protein interactions with RNA.

Indexed as

Virus AssemblyBinding SitesCapsid ProteinsLevivirusModels, MolecularNucleic Acid ConformationProtein BindingRNA-Binding ProteinsRNA, ViralSpectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-IonizationViral ProteinsCapsid Proteinsmaturation protein, Enterobacterio phage MS2RNA-Binding ProteinsRNA, ViralViral Proteinsassembly mechanismpackaging signalsRNA–protein interactionRNA virus

Identifiers

PMID26608810
PMCPMC4751978
OpenAlexW2187254563

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.