ArticleMaternal & child nutrition2016
Human milk sharing practices in the U.S.
Article in Maternal & child nutrition, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Explaining the experiences of donors, recipients, and healthcare providers regarding milk donation: a systematic review and meta-synthesis.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Pooled it
- Factors associated with informal human milk sharing among donors and recipients: A mixed-methods systematic review.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- "I love my baby more than they do": infant feeding decision-making among mothers living with HIV in the United States.AIDS care · 2026Article
- Exploring barriers to human milk banking acceptability among nursing mothers in Iran using social cognitive perspectives.International breastfeeding journal · 2025Article
- Understanding modifiable barriers to human milk donation in the United Kingdom.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2025Article
- Formal and informal human milk donation in New Zealand: a mixed-method national survey.International breastfeeding journal · 2024Article
- Conceptualizing the Commercialization of Human Milk: A Concept Analysis.Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2024Review
- Donation barriers, enablers, patterns and predictors of milk bank donors in the United States and United Kingdom.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Article
- Article
- The Ethics of Ancient Lactation and the Cult of the Perfect Breastfeeding Mother.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Peer-to-Peer Human Milk-Sharing Among Israeli Milk Donors: A Mixed-Methods Study in the Land of Milk and Honey.Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2023Article
- Infant feeding practices and parental perceptions during the 2022 United States infant formula shortage crisis.BMC pediatrics · 2023Article
- Acceptability of donated breast milk among pregnant women in selected hospitals in central Uganda: a cross-sectional study.International breastfeeding journal · 2023Article
- Human milk-sharing practices and infant-feeding behaviours: A comparison of donors and recipients.Maternal & child nutrition · 2022Article
- An 'incredible community' or 'disgusting' and 'weird'? Representations of breastmilk sharing in worldwide news media.Maternal & child nutrition · 2021Article
- Factors Associated with the Use of Pasteurized Donor Milk for Healthy Newborns: Experience from the First Human Milk Bank in Vietnam.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Maternal Breastfeeding or Wet Nursing? Religion, Persecution, and Ideology in the 17th Century.Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine · 2020Article
- Epigenetic Programming Through Breast Milk and Its Impact on Milk-Siblings Mating.Frontiers in genetics · 2020Article
- Gender dynamics in the donation field: human tissue donation for research, therapy and feeding.Sociology of health & illness · 2019Article
- "Someone's generosity has formed a bond between us": Interpersonal relationships in Internet-facilitated peer-to-peer milk sharing.Maternal & child nutrition · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The primary objective of this study is to describe human milk sharing practices in the U.S. Specifically, we examine milk sharing social networks, donor compensation, the prevalence of anonymous milk sharing interactions, recipients' concerns about specific milk sharing risks, and lay screening behaviors. Data on human milk sharing practices were collected via an online survey September 2013-March 2014. Chi-square analyses were used to test the association between risk perception and screening practices. A total of 867 (661 donors, 206 recipients) respondents were included in the analyses. Most (96.1%) reported sharing milk face-to-face. Only 10% of respondents reported giving or receiving milk through a non-profit human milk bank, respectively. There were no reports of anonymous purchases of human milk. A small proportion of recipients (4.0%) reported that their infant had a serious medical condition. Screening of prospective donors was common (90.7%) but varied with social relationship and familiarity. Likewise, concern about specific milk sharing risks was varied, and risk perception was significantly associated (P-values = 0.01 or less) with donor screening for all risk variables except diet. Understanding lay perceptions of milk sharing risk and risk reduction strategies that parents are using is an essential first step in developing public health interventions and clinical practices that promote infant safety.
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Registered trials
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