Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26604850›Full record

ArticleClinical Medicine Insights. Oncology2015

Cachexia Index in Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients.

Syed Hasan Raza Jafri, Carlos Previgliano, Keerti Khandelwal, Runhua Shi

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical Medicine Insights. Oncology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
70citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

70 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 105 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Association between cancer cachexia and treatment-related adverse outcomes in patients with gastrointestinal cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026
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  16. Multimodal AI-driven Biomarker for Early Detection of Cancer Cachexia.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025
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10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Syed Hasan Raza JafriUniversity of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
Carlos PreviglianoLouisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.
Keerti KhandelwalLouisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.
Runhua ShiLouisiana State University Health Science Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.
Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Shreveport · USThe University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionCancer cachexia affects many advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Cachexia index (CXI) was developed to assess the degree of cachexia in these patients.

methodsPatients with metastatic NSCLC diagnosed between January 1, 2000, and June 30, 2011, at our institution were retrospectively studied. Abdominal computed tomography scans done within 1 month of diagnosis were reviewed to estimate skeletal muscle area (SMA) and skeletal muscle index (SMI) at the L3 level. CXI was developed as follows: [Formula: see text] where SMI is the skeletal muscle index, Alb is the serum albumin, and NLR is the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Survival among various factors was calculated using the log-rank test. Multivariate Cox regression was used to perform survival analysis in order to estimate the effects of various factors.

resultsPatients were divided into two groups around the median into stage I cachexia (CXI ≥35, n = 56) and stage II cachexia (CXI <35, n = 56). Groups did not differ in age, gender, ethnicity, or histology of cancer. Patients with stage II cachexia had significantly worse PFS (2.45 vs 5.43 months, P < 0.0001) and OS (3.45 vs 8.8 months, P = 0.0001) than those with stage I cachexia. On multivariate analysis adjusting for gender, race, and histology, patients with stage II cachexia were found to have worse PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.27-2.95) and OS (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.0009-2.34).

conclusionThe CXI is a novel index for estimating cachexia that also correlates with prognosis in both men and women with advanced NSCLC.

Indexed as

cancer cachexialung cancersarcopeniasystemic inflammation

Identifiers

PMID26604850
PMCPMC4640427
OpenAlexW2134676195

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.