ArticleCancer letters2016
Bovine milk-derived exosomes for drug delivery.
Article in Cancer letters, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 501 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
501 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 913 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular vesicles: powerful candidates in nano-drug delivery systems.Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Pooled it
- Microalgae extracellular vesicles-loaded dual antioxidative and anti-inflammatory hydrogel system for wound healing and peripheral nerve repair in diabetes.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Investigating Dietary microRNA Stability and Function Using a Transgenic Milk Model With Unique microRNA Sequences.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Milk-derived extracellular vesicles loaded with miR-146a-5p as a novel therapeutic strategy for allergic airway inflammation.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Delivering the Gut to the Brain: Drug Delivery Strategies for Microbiota-Derived Therapeutics in Depression.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Bridging the Lab-to-Clinic Gap in Intranasal Nanomaterial-Based Chemotherapy for Glioblastoma.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Milk-derived extracellular vesicles: nutritional significance, nano-delivery potential, and emerging therapeutic applications - an updated review.Food science of animal resources · 2026Review
- Exosome-mediated siRNA delivery in cancer: Loading strategies, targeting approaches, and therapeutic outcomes.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2026Review
- Exosome-Mediated Delivery of PROTACs for Targeted Protein Degradation in Cancer, Neurodegenerative, Infectious, and Inflammatory Diseases.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Bovine Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Ameliorate Steatohepatitis by Restoring Gut Barrier in CDA-HFD-Fed Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Engineering Extracellular Vesicles for Anti-Aging Therapy: Mechanisms, Applications, and Perspectives.Aging cell · 2026Review
- Bovine Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Emerging Drug Delivery Platforms: Current Advances, Applications and Challenges.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Review
- Immune Regulation and the Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Biological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles in solid tumors: from tumor ecology to engineered therapeutics.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Engineered small extracellular vesicles in hematologic malignancies: mechanisms, therapeutic strategies, and translational challenges.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Recent Progress in Exosome-Derived Nanocarriers for Breast Cancer Therapy: Advances, Translational Barriers, and Scale-Up Considerations.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Review
- Target therapeutic exploitation of engineered exosome-mediated delivery of ncRNAs in cancer.Cancer gene therapy · 2026Review
- Hypothalamic wars: the last nanodelivery.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Exosomes as Disease-Informed Nanoplatforms for Pulmonary Fibrosis: From Pathogenic Signaling to Precision Diagnosis and Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Oral milk exosome-PLGA nanoparticles enhance anti-tuberculosis efficacy of PBTZ169 and bedaquiline.iScience · 2026Article
441 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Exosomes are biological nanovesicles that are involved in cell-cell communication via the functionally-active cargo (such as miRNA, mRNA, DNA and proteins). Because of their nanosize, exosomes are explored as nanodevices for the development of new therapeutic applications. However, bulk, safe and cost-effective production of exosomes is not available. Here, we show that bovine milk can serve as a scalable source of exosomes that can act as a carrier for chemotherapeutic/chemopreventive agents. Drug-loaded exosomes showed significantly higher efficacy compared to free drug in cell culture studies and against lung tumor xenografts in vivo. Moreover, tumor targeting ligands such as folate increased cancer-cell targeting of the exosomes resulting in enhanced tumor reduction. Milk exosomes exhibited cross-species tolerance with no adverse immune and inflammatory response. Thus, we show the versatility of milk exosomes with respect to the cargo it can carry and ability to achieve tumor targetability. This is the first report to identify a biocompatible and cost-effective means of exosomes to enhance oral bioavailability, improve efficacy and safety of drugs.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.